ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2019
Recent Substance Use and Probability of Unsuppressed HIV Viral Load Among Persons on Antiretroviral Therapy in Continuity Care.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Virologic failure and its determinants among HIV patients progress towards the third 95% global target in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Gender differences among criminal justice-involved persons living with HIV interested in extended-release naltrexone treatment.Substance abuse · 2021Trial
- Patterns of alcohol use and associated characteristics and HIV-related outcomes among a sample of African-American women living with HIV.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Trial
- Using Dynamic Causal Bayesian Networks to Assess the Role of Patient-Centered Care and Individual-Level Barriers on Viral Suppression Changes Among a Cohort of People with HIV.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Healthcare Provider Perceptions on Screening and Treatment for Unhealthy Alcohol Use in HIV Primary Care Settings.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Patterns in Mental Health Symptoms, Substance Use, and Viral Suppression in People with HIV: A Clustering Analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Unsuppressed HIV viral load among people living with HIV by exposure category in British Columbia, Canada from 2005 to 2020: a population-based cohort study.BMC global and public health · 2025Article
- Cohort profile update: the Johns Hopkins HIV clinical cohort, 1989-2023.European journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Overamped: Stimulant Use and HIV Pathogenesis.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2023Review
- Joint effects of substance use disorders and recent substance use on HIV viral non-suppression among people engaged in HIV care in an urban clinic, 2014-2019.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2023Article
- Bar Attendance and Alcohol Use Before and After COVID-19 Related Restrictions Among HIV-infected Adults in South-Western Uganda.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- Characterizing Unhealthy Alcohol Use Patterns and Their Association with Alcohol Use Reduction and Alcohol Use Disorder During Follow-Up in HIV Care.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- Multimorbidity classes indicate differential patterns of health care engagement among people who inject drugs.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2022Article
- Treatment for alcohol use disorder among persons with and without HIV in a clinical care setting in the United States.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
- Self-efficacy as a mediator of patient navigation interventions to engage persons living with HIV and substance use.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
- Changing Patterns of Alcohol Use and Probability of Unsuppressed Viral Load Among Treated Patients with HIV Engaged in Routine Care in the United States.AIDS and behavior · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Among persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, illegal drug use and hazardous alcohol use are hypothesized to be strong risk factors for failure to achieve or maintain a suppressed HIV viral load, but accurate quantification of this association is difficult because of challenges involved in measuring substance use as part of routine clinical care. We estimated the associations of recent cocaine use, opioid/heroin use, and hazardous alcohol use with unsuppressed viral load among 1,554 persons receiving care at the John G. Bartlett Specialty Practice (Baltimore, Maryland) between 2013 and 2017. We accounted for measurement error in substance use using Bayesian models and prior estimates of the sensitivity and specificity of 2 imperfect measures of substance use derived from a previous analysis in this cohort. The prevalence difference for unsuppressed viral load associated with recent cocaine use was 11.3% (95% credible interval (CrI): 6.4, 17.0); that associated with recent opioid/heroin use was 13.2% (95% CrI: 6.6, 20.7); and that associated with recent hazardous alcohol use was 8.5% (95% CrI: 3.2, 14.4). Failure to account for measurement error resulted in clinically meaningful underestimates of the prevalence difference. Time-varying substance use is prevalent and difficult to measure in routine care; here we demonstrate a method that improves the utility of imperfect data by accounting for measurement error.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.