ArticleSAGE open nursing
Rural Hospital Nursing Skill Mix and Work Environment Associated with Frequency of Adverse Events.
Article in SAGE open nursing. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Links between falls in hospitals and professional fulfilment, burnout, work environment and organisational culture: a scoping review.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Hospital Fall Prevention Practices and Implementation Strategies: A Multisite Observational Study.Journal of patient safety · 2026Article
- Skill mix versus flexibility: Decoding nurse staffing impacts on critical access hospitals.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2025Article
- State-level scope of practice regulations for nurse practitioners impact work environments: Six state investigation.Research in nursing & health · 2022Article
- Safety culture and adverse event reporting in Ghanaian healthcare facilities: Implications for patient safety.PloS one · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThough rural hospitals serve about one fifth of the United States (U.S.), few studies have investigated relationships among nursing resources and rural hospital adverse events.
objectivesThe purpose was to determine relationships among nursing skill mix (proportion of Registered Nurses (RNs) to all nursing staff), the work environment and adverse events (medication errors, patient falls with injury, pressure ulcers, and urinary tract infections) in rural hospitals.
methodsUsing a cross-sectional design, nurse survey data from a large study examining nurse organizational factors, patient safety, and quality from four U.S. states were linked to the 2006 American Hospital Association data. The work environment was measured using the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI). Nurses reported adverse event frequency. Data analyses were descriptive and inferential.
resultsOn average, 72% of nursing staff were RNs (range = 45% to 100%). Adverse event frequency ranged from 0% to 67%, across 76 hospitals. In regression models, a 10-point increase in the proportion of RNs among all nursing staff and a one standard deviation increase in the PES-NWI score were significantly associated with decreased odds of frequent adverse events.
conclusionRural hospitals that increase the nursing skill mix and improve the work environment may achieve reduced adverse event frequency.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.