ArticleOncotarget2019
Transglutaminase 2 maintains a colorectal cancer stem phenotype by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
Article in Oncotarget, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting colorectal cancer and T‑cell metabolism for the treatment of colorectal cancer (Review).Oncology reports · 2026Review
- The Role of the TG2-GPR56 Complex in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (CSCC) Aggression and Therapeutic Resistance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Transglutaminase 2 serves as a pathogenic hub gene of KRAS mutant colon cancer based on integrated analysis.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2024Article
- The Role of Transglutaminase 2 in Cancer: An Update.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Targeting transglutaminase 2 mediated exostosin glycosyltransferase 1 signaling in liver cancer stem cells with acyclic retinoid.Cell death & disease · 2023Article
- Peptidic Inhibitors and a Fluorescent Probe for the Selective Inhibition and Labelling of Factor XIIIa Transglutaminase.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Therapeutic strategies targeting Wnt/β‑catenin signaling for colorectal cancer (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2022Article
- The Biological and Biomechanical Role of Transglutaminase-2 in the Tumour Microenvironment.Cancers · 2021Review
- Review
- Application of smart solid lipid nanoparticles to enhance the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of colorectal cancer.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Intracellular Delivery of Anti-SMC2 Antibodies against Cancer Stem Cells.Pharmaceutics · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2), a multifunctional protein, is reported in regulating the cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype in various cancers. Our previous work suggested the link between TG2 and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in colorectal cancer (CRC). Here we demonstrate the importance of TG2 in CSC development in human CRC cell lines HCT116 and SW620. CRC spheroid cells showed increased CSC characteristics over their monolayer cells with increased expression of CD44 and over expression of Oct3/4, Sox2 and Nanog. They also showed increased EMT and invasiveness, and enhanced expression of TG2. TG2 inhibition by its selective inhibitor 1-155 reduced both spheroid formation and invasive potential of the spheroid cells. β-catenin, a mediator of stem cell maintenance, was overexpressed in the spheroid cells and could be attenuated by TG2 inhibition. Spheroid cells possessed increased angiogenesis stimulating ability via overexpression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). Increased VEGF was present in the culture media from spheroid cells when compared to monolayer cultures which could be reduced by selective inhibition by 1-155. Stemness and malignancy in the colorectal spheroid cells was associated with increased TG2, EMT, β-catenin and VEGF. Here we demonstrate that inhibiting TG2 reduces both stemness and angiogenic stimulating activity in CRC.
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