ReviewNaunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology2019
Ricin and Ricinus communis in pharmacology and toxicology-from ancient use and "Papyrus Ebers" to modern perspectives and "poisonous plant of the year 2018".
Review in Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Potential and Industrial Applications ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Probiotic-Plant Bioactive Synergy in Gut Health: Mechanisms, Antimicrobial Activity, and Translational Challenges.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Evaluation of the Nematicidal and Phytotoxic Potential ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- PROTAC-Mediated Ternary Complex Stability with Ricin Toxin A: A Computational Perspective.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Ricin as a Biothreat Agent: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Toxicology, Forensic Aspects, and Risk Mitigation.BioMed research international · 2026Review
- Polyclonal antibodies towards abrin and ricin-design and potential application for mass spectrometry-based analysis of human biosamples.Archives of toxicology · 2025Article
- Ricin Toxicity to Intestinal Cells Leads to Multiple Cell Death Pathways Mediated by Oxidative Stress.Toxins · 2025Article
- Phytochemical Composition and Multifunctional Applications ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Drugs from poisonous plants: Ethnopharmacological relevance to modern perspectives.Toxicon: X · 2025Review
- Anthelmintic Potential and In Silico Studies of Ricinoleic Acid from the Seed Oil ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Botanical Pesticides: Role ofInsects · 2024Article
- Plants' Impact on the Human Brain-Exploring the Neuroprotective and Neurotoxic Potential of Plants.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Ricin intoxication by lethal dose of castor seeds ingestion: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2024Article
- Identification and Biological Evaluation of a Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Ricin Toxin.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Search for Antidotes Against Ricin.Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Article
- [Exposures to fruit plants in Germany from 2010-2019 : Analysis of the Erfurt joint poison information center database].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2023Article
- Ricin: an ancient toxicant, but still an evergreen.Archives of toxicology · 2023Article
- Poisoning by Plants.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2022Article
- Development, Survival and Reproduction ofInsects · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
While probably originating from Africa, the plant Ricinus communis is found nowadays around the world, grown for industrial use as a source of castor oil production, wildly sprouting in many regions, or used as ornamental plant. As regards its pharmacological utility, a variety of medical purposes of selected parts of the plant, e.g., as a laxative, an anti-infective, or an anti-inflammatory drug, have been described already in the sixteenth century BC in the famous Papyrus Ebers (treasured in the Library of the University of Leipzig). Quite in contrast, on the toxicological side, the native plant has become the "poisonous plant 2018" in Germany. As of today, a number of isolated components of the plant/seeds have been characterized, including, e.g., castor oil, ricin, Ricinus communis agglutinin, ricinin, nudiflorin, and several allergenic compounds. This review mainly focuses on the most toxic protein, ricin D, classified as a type 2 ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP2). Ricin is one of the most potent and lethal substances known. It has been considered as an important bioweapon (categorized as a Category B agent (second-highest priority)) and an attractive agent for bioterroristic activities. On the other hand, ricin presents great potential, e.g., as an anti-cancer agent or in cell-based research, and is even explored in the context of nanoparticle formulations in tumor therapy. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the pharmacology and toxicology-related body of knowledge on ricin. Toxicokinetic/toxicodynamic aspects of ricin poisoning and possibilities for analytical detection and therapeutic use are summarized as well.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.