ArticleDiabetologia2019
The effect of mid-life insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes on older-age cognitive state: the explanatory role of early-life advantage.
Article in Diabetologia, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Polygenic risk score and cluster-based analysis suggests links between type 2 diabetes and vascular dementia in the KARE study.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Predictive value of biliverdin reductase-A and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance on mild cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2025Article
- Risk Factors, Pathological Changes, and Potential Treatment of Diabetes-Associated Cognitive Dysfunction.Journal of diabetes · 2025Review
- Genetically predicted brain cortical structure mediates the causality between insulin resistance and cognitive impairment.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Impact of insulin resistance on mild cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2023Article
- Polygenic risk of type 2 diabetes is associated with incident vascular dementia: a prospective cohort study.Brain communications · 2023Article
- Type 1 diabetes, cognitive ability and incidence of cardiovascular disease and death over 60 years of follow-up time in men.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2022Article
- Declining Levels and Bioavailability of IGF-I in Cardiovascular Aging Associate With QT Prolongation-Results From the 1946 British Birth Cohort.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- Dementia risk reduction: why haven't the pharmacological risk reduction trials worked? An in-depth exploration of seven established risk factors.Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.) · 2021Review
- Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aims/hypothesisType 2 diabetes, hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance are associated with cognitive impairment and dementia, but causal inference studies using Mendelian randomisation do not confirm this. We hypothesised that early-life cognition and social/educational advantage may confound the relationship.
methodsFrom the population-based British 1946 birth cohort, a maximum number of 1780 participants had metabolic variables (type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance [HOMA2-IR] and HbA
resultsThe externally weighted PRS for type 2 diabetes was associated with mid-life metabolic traits (e.g. HOMA2-IR β = 0.08 [95% CI 0.02, 0.16]), but not with ACE-III (β = 0.04 [-0.02, 0.90]) or other cognitive outcomes. While there was an association between HOMA2-IR and subsequent ACE-III (β = -0.09 [-0.15, -0.03]), path modelling showed no direct effect (β = -0.01 [-0.06, 0.03]) after accounting for the association between childhood SEP and education with HOMA2-IR. The same pattern was observed for later-life verbal memory. CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationAssociations between type 2 diabetes and mid-life metabolic traits with subsequent cognitive state do not appear causal, and instead they may be explained by SEP in early life, childhood cognition and educational attainment. Therefore, glucose-lowering medication may be unlikely to combat cognitive impairment in older age.
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