SynthesisPediatrics2019
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Neonatal Intensive Care: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Pediatrics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 101 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
101 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Outcomes used to measure the clinical application of neonatal palliative and/or end-of-life care in neonatal settings: a systematic review.Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition · 2025Pooled it
- Socioeconomic disparities in the postnatal growth of preterm infants: a systematic review.Pediatric research · 2025Pooled it
- Early Determination of Prognosis in Neonatal Moderate or Severe Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.Pediatrics · 2021Trial
- Differential transport patterns by race and ethnicity in very low birth weight infants.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- The Relationship between Social Vulnerability Index, Area Deprivation Index, and Child Opportunity Index, and Treatment Course Characteristics in Infants with Surgically Intervenable Congenital Anomalies.American journal of perinatology · 2026Article
- Comfort, benefit, and distress: An exploratory study of research experiences of bereaved parents in the neonatal intensive care unit.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Staff perspectives on racial inequities in the neonatal intensive care unit: the REJOICE study.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- The explored experiences of Latino families in the neonatal intensive care unit.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Race, oxygen exposure, and retinopathy of prematurity: re-examining a persistent epidemiologic paradox.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Maternity Care Access and Infant Mortality.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Interventions to address inequities in infant mortality and morbidity in the NICU and beyond: A focus on the mother-infant dyad.Seminars in perinatology · 2025Review
- Maternal Social Determinants of Health and Risk of Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.JAMA neurology · 2025Article
- Voices of parents of children with major congenital anomalies admitted to the NICU: initial diagnosis, hospitalization, and discharge home.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Article
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Mother's Milk Provision Among Mothers of Preterm Infants.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- SeqFirst: Building equity access to a precise genetic diagnosis in critically ill newborns.American journal of human genetics · 2025Article
- Audio-diary reflections after community focus groups to address local racial inequities in the neonatal intensive care unit.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Article
- Race as social determinant of growth and body composition among infants born very preterm.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- "AJP reports · 2025Article
- The Exclusively Breastfeeding Rate and Related Factors Among Preterm Infants at Discharge and Postnatal 6Sisli Etfal Hastanesi tip bulteni · 2025Article
- Mortality trends in extremely premature neonates: insights from the CDC WONDER database from 1999 to 2023.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
contextRacial and ethnic disparities in health outcomes of newborns requiring care in the NICU setting have been reported. The contribution of NICU care to disparities in outcomes is unclear.
objectiveTo conduct a systematic review of the literature documenting racial/ethnic disparities in quality of care for infants in the NICU setting. DATA SOURCES: Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health, and Web of Science were searched until March 6, 2018, by using search queries organized around the following key concepts: "neonatal intensive care units," "racial or ethnic disparities," and "quality of care." STUDY SELECTION: English language articles up to March 6, 2018, that were focused on racial and/or ethnic differences in the quality of NICU care were selected. DATA EXTRACTION: Two authors independently assessed eligibility, extracted data, and cross-checked results, with disagreements resolved by consensus. Information extracted focused on racial and/or ethnic disparities in quality of care and potential mechanism(s) for disparities.
resultsInitial search yielded 566 records, 470 of which were unique citations. Title and abstract review resulted in 382 records. Appraisal of the full text of the remaining 88 records, along with the addition of 5 citations from expert consult or review of bibliographies, resulted in 41 articles being included. LIMITATIONS: Quantitative meta-analysis was not possible because of study heterogeneity.
conclusionsOverall, this systematic review revealed complex racial and/or ethnic disparities in structure, process, and outcome measures, most often disadvantaging infants of color, especially African American infants. There are some exceptions to this pattern and each area merits its own analysis and discussion.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.