SynthesisThe British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners2019
Cognitive behavioural treatment for insomnia in primary care: a systematic review of sleep outcomes.
Synthesis in The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The effect of single-component sleep restriction therapy on depressive symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of sleep research · 2024Pooled it
- Nurse-delivered sleep restriction therapy to improve insomnia disorder in primary care: the HABIT RCT.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2024Trial
- Physicians' awareness of non-pharmacological therapies for insomnia in the Czech Republic.Croatian medical journal · 2026Article
- A stepped-care strategy for cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in chronic spinal pain-protocol of a randomized clinical trial (the StepUp study).Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2026Article
- Management of adult insomnia in Australia: a joint position statement of the Australasian Sleep Association, Sleep Health Foundation, Royal Australian College of General Practitioners, Australian Psychological Society, Pharmaceutical Society of Australia, and Australian Primary Health Care Nurses Association.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2026Review
- Primary Care Records and Population Prevalence of Chronic Insomnia: Do They Match?Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Sleep Quality as a Mediator of Internet Gaming Disorder and Executive Dysfunction in Adolescents: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Associations of sleep disturbances in systemic lupus erythematosus with physical and psychological outcomes: a cross-sectional latent profile analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Harnessing the Power of Integrated Behavioral Health to Enhance Insomnia Intervention in Primary Care.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Treatment strategies for insomnia in Japanese primary care physicians' practice: A Web-based questionnaire survey.BMC primary care · 2024Article
- Article
- The Profound Implications of the Meaning of Health for Health Care and Health Equity.The Milbank quarterly · 2023Article
- Validation of the Farsi Version of the Adult Concentration Inventory for Assessing Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Recommendations to bolster adherence in cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: a self-efficacy approach.Translational behavioral medicine · 2023Article
- Prevalence of insomnia and hypnotic use in Norwegian patients visiting their general practitioner.Family practice · 2023Article
- The association between self-reported sleep problems, infection, and antibiotic use in patients in general practice.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Examining the barriers and recommendations for integrating more equitable insomnia treatment options in primary care.Frontiers in sleep · 2023Article
- Digital cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia improving sleep quality: a real-world study.BMC psychiatry · 2022Article
- Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy to Improve Sleep Quality in Older Adults with Insomnia.Psychosocial intervention · 2022Article
- Sleep pattern and predictors of daily versus as-needed hypnotics use in middle-aged and older adults with insomnia.BMC primary care · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPractice guidelines recommend that chronic insomnia be treated first with cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), and that hypnotic medication be considered only when CBT-I is unsuccessful. Although there is evidence of CBT-I's efficacy in research studies, systematic reviews of its effects in primary care are lacking.
aimTo review the effects on sleep outcomes of CBT-I delivered in primary care. DESIGN AND
settingSystematic review of articles published worldwide.
methodMedline, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and CINAHL were searched for articles published from January 1987 until August 2018 that reported sleep results and on the use of CBT-I in general primary care settings. Two researchers independently assessed and then reached agreement on the included studies and the extracted data. Cohen's
resultsIn total, 13 studies were included. Medium-to-large positive effects on self-reported sleep were found for CBT-I provided over 4-6 sessions. Improvements were generally well maintained for 3-12 months post-treatment. Studies of interventions in which the format or content veered substantially from conventional CBT-I were less conclusive. In only three studies was CBT-I delivered by a GP; usually, it was provided by nurses, psychologists, nurse practitioners, social workers, or counsellors. Six studies included advice on withdrawal from hypnotics.
conclusionThe findings support the effectiveness of multicomponent CBT-I in general primary care. Future studies should use standard sleep measures, examine daytime symptoms, and investigate the impact of hypnotic tapering interventions delivered in conjunction with CBT-I.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.