ReviewTrends in cognitive sciences2019
Nonmonotonic Plasticity: How Memory Retrieval Drives Learning.
Review in Trends in cognitive sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed.
- Retrieval practice promotes semantic integration of real-world memories without compromising episodic integrity.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2026Article
- Hippocampal mechanisms underlying the resolution of competition in memory and perception.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Condition-specific neural signatures of reactivation during post-retrieval rest: An EEG study.iScience · 2026Article
- Episodic memory encoding fluctuates at a theta rhythm of 3-10 Hz.Nature human behaviour · 2026Article
- Binding items to contexts through conjunctive neural representations with the method of loci.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Learning of visual sequences by neurons in the human hippocampus.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Emotion regulation modulates subsequent control of unwanted memories.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2026Article
- Episodic events are flexibly encoded in both integrated and separated neural representations.Nature communications · 2026Article
- How Prediction of the Future Affects Encoding of the Present: Cooperation or Competition?Open mind : discoveries in cognitive science · 2026Article
- The Role of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep in Neural Differentiation of Memories in the Hippocampus.Journal of cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- AI-guided digital intervention with physiological monitoring reduces intrusive memories after experimental trauma.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- An integrative model of perseverative thinking.Dialogues in clinical neuroscience · 2025Review
- Beyond Retrieval Competition: Asymmetric Effects of Retroactive and Proactive Interference in Associative Memory.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Hippocampal transformations occur along dimensions of memory interference.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Retuning conceptual-lexical access: does interference promote more robust learning?Psychological research · 2025Article
- Repulsion of hippocampal representations driven by distinct internal beliefs.Current biology : CB · 2025Article
- Visual Statistical Learning Alters Low-Dimensional Cortical Architecture.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Memory updating and the structure of event representations.Trends in cognitive sciences · 2025Review
- Distortion of overlapping memories relates to arousal and anxiety.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2025Article
- Plasticity of human resilience mechanisms.Science advances · 2025Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
What are the principles that govern whether neural representations move apart (differentiate) or together (integrate) as a function of learning? According to supervised learning models that are trained to predict outcomes in the world, integration should occur when two stimuli predict the same outcome. Numerous findings support this, but - paradoxically - some recent fMRI studies have found that pairing different stimuli with the same associate causes differentiation, not integration. To explain these and related findings, we argue that supervised learning needs to be supplemented with unsupervised learning that is driven by spreading activation in a U-shaped way, such that inactive memories are not modified, moderate activation of memories causes weakening (leading to differentiation), and higher activation causes strengthening (leading to integration).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.