Trial reportOphthalmology2019
No CFH or ARMS2 Interaction with Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Low versus High Zinc, or β-Carotene versus Lutein and Zeaxanthin on Progression of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2: Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 Report No. 18.
Trial report in Ophthalmology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Datasheet for Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 on the Database of Genotypes and Phenotypes.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Omega-3 Fatty Acids as Protective Factors for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Prospective Cohort and Mendelian Randomization Analyses.Ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Association between dietary consumption of fatty acids and age-related macular degeneration in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelium degeneration: from pathogenesis to therapeutic targets in dry age-related macular degeneration.Neural regeneration research · 2023Review
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products for Age-Related Macular Degeneration; Scaffold Fabrication and Delivery Methods.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Assessing bidirectional associations between cognitive impairment and late age-related macular degeneration in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2022Article
- Red blood cell fatty acids and age-related macular degeneration in postmenopausal women.European journal of nutrition · 2022Article
- The Pathomechanism, Antioxidant Biomarkers, and Treatment of Oxidative Stress-Related Eye Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Metabolites Regulate Inflammation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Journal of inflammation research · 2022Review
- Taurine and oxidative stress in retinal health and disease.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2021Review
- Association of plasma trace element levels with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.Experimental eye research · 2020Article
- The Aging Stress Response and Its Implication for AMD Pathogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Mitochondrial Dysfunction as a Novel Target for Neuroprotective Nutraceuticals in Ocular Diseases.Nutrients · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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- Commented on byReply.2020
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo assess whether genotypes at 2 major loci associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), complement factor H (CFH), or age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 (ARMS2), modify the response to oral nutrients for the treatment of AMD in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2).
designPost hoc analysis of a randomized trial.
participantsWhite AREDS2 participants.
methodsAREDS2 participants (n = 4203) with bilateral large drusen or late AMD in 1 eye were assigned randomly to lutein and zeaxanthin, omega-3 fatty acids, both, or placebo, and most also received the AREDS supplements. A secondary randomization assessed modified AREDS supplements in 4 treatment arms: lower zinc dosage, omission of β-carotene, both, or no modification. To evaluate the progression to late AMD, fundus photographs were obtained at baseline and annual study visits, and history of treatment for late AMD was obtained at study visits and 6-month interim telephone calls. Participants were genotyped for the single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs1061170 in CFH and rs10490924 in ARMS2. Bivariate frailty models using both eyes were conducted, including a gene-supplement interaction term and adjusting for age, gender, level of education, and smoking status. The main treatment effects, as well as the direct comparison between lutein plus zeaxanthin and β-carotene, were assessed for genotype interaction.
main outcome measuresThe interaction between genotype and the response to AREDS2 supplements regarding progression to late AMD, any geographic atrophy (GA), and neovascular AMD.
resultsComplete data were available for 2775 eyes without baseline late AMD (1684 participants). The participants (mean age ± standard deviation, 72.1±7.7 years; 58.5% female) were followed up for a median of 5 years. The ARMS2 risk allele was associated significantly with progression to late AMD and neovascular AMD (P = 2.40 × 10
conclusionsCFH and ARMS2 risk alleles do not modify the response to the AREDS2 nutrient supplements with respect to the progression to late AMD (GA and neovascular AMD).
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