SynthesisCritical care (London, England)2019
Functional hemodynamic tests: a systematic review and a metanalysis on the reliability of the end-expiratory occlusion test and of the mini-fluid challenge in predicting fluid responsiveness.
Synthesis in Critical care (London, England), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 51 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
"Mini Fluid Challenge Assessment: a Comparison Among Three Hemodynamic Tools"
Association of Respiratory Variation of Superior Vena Cava in Transthoracic View and Fluid Responsiveness in Critically Ill Patients
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- Context-specific clinical applicability of the end-expiratory occlusion test to predict fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of anaesthesiology · 2025Pooled it
- Changes in pulse pressure variation induced by passive leg raising test to predict preload responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients with low tidal volume in ICU: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Superior vena cava collapsibility index as a predictor of fluid responsiveness: a systematic review with meta-analysis.Anaesthesiology intensive therapy · 2024Pooled it
- Reliability of pulse pressure and stroke volume variation in assessing fluid responsiveness in the operating room: a metanalysis and a metaregression.Critical care (London, England) · 2023Pooled it
- Variables influencing the prediction of fluid responsiveness: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2023Pooled it
- Fluid challenge in critically ill patients receiving haemodynamic monitoring: a systematic review and comparison of two decades.Critical care (London, England) · 2022Pooled it
- Subclavian vein ultrasound-guided fluid management to prevent post-spinal anesthetic hypotension during cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2023Trial
- Can carotid artery Doppler variations induced by the end-expiratory occlusion maneuver predict fluid responsiveness in septic shock patients?Critical care (London, England) · 2023Trial
- The increase in cardiac output induced by a decrease in positive end-expiratory pressure reliably detects volume responsiveness: the PEEP-test study.Critical care (London, England) · 2023Trial
- Pharmacodynamic analysis of a fluid challenge with 4 ml kgJournal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2022Trial
- Implications of Continuous Noninvasive Finger Cuff Arterial Pressure Device Use during Cesarean Delivery for Goal-Directed Fluid Therapy Preload Optimization: A Randomized Controlled Trial.BioMed research international · 2021Trial
- The effect of preload on Doppler systolic time in a large emergency department cohort with suspected sepsis.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2026Article
- Ultrasound-Guided Mini Fluid Challenge via Velocity-Time Integral to Assess Fluid Responsiveness in Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Prospective Quasi-Experimental Feasibility Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Peri-operative goal-directed haemodynamic therapy and high-risk patients: what's going on? A narrative review.Journal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care · 2026Review
- Treatment Response Phenotyping Informed by Patient Physiologic Characteristics Could Drive Precision Critical Care Through Augmented Intelligence: A Narrative Review.CHEST critical care · 2026Article
- Ultrasound of the inferior vena cava for fluid therapy decisions: Strengths, limitations, and an integrated approach.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Review
- Personalised fluid therapy in septic shock.Annals of intensive care · 2026Review
- Assessing fluid responsiveness by using functional hemodynamic tests in critically ill patients: a narrative review and a profile-based clinical guide.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2025Review
- SIGHCritical care (London, England) · 2025Article
- Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Fluid Management: Finding the Perfect Balance.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBedside functional hemodynamic assessment has gained in popularity in the last years to overcome the limitations of static or dynamic indexes in predicting fluid responsiveness. The aim of this systematic review and metanalysis of studies is to investigate the reliability of the functional hemodynamic tests (FHTs) used to assess fluid responsiveness in adult patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) and operating room (OR).
methodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were screened for relevant articles using a FHT, with the exception of the passive leg raising. The QUADAS-2 scale was used to assess the risk of bias of the included studies. In-between study heterogeneity was assessed through the I
resultsAfter text selection, 21 studies met the inclusion criteria, 7 performed in the OR, and 14 in the ICU between 2005 and 2018. The search included 805 patients and 870 FCs with a median (IQR) of 39 (25-50) patients and 41 (30-52) FCs per study. The median fluid responsiveness was 54% (45-59). Ten studies (47.6%) adopted a gray zone analysis of the ROC curve, and a median (IQR) of 20% (15-51) of the enrolled patients was included in the gray zone. The pooled area under the ROC curve for the end-expiratory occlusion test (EEOT) was 0.96 (95%CI 0.92-1.00). The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.86 (95%CI 0.74-0.94) and 0.91 (95%CI 0.85-0.95), respectively, with a best threshold of 5% (4.0-8.0%). The pooled area under the ROC curve for the mini-FC was 0.91 (95%CI 0.85-0.97). The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.82 (95%CI 0.76-0.88) and 0.83 (95%CI 0.77-0.89), respectively, with a best threshold of 5% (3.0-7.0%).
conclusionsThe EEOT and the mini-FC reliably predict fluid responsiveness in the ICU and OR. Other FHTs have been tested insofar in heterogeneous clinical settings and, despite promising results, warrant further investigations.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.