ArticleMalaria journal2019
Anopheles parensis contributes to residual malaria transmission in South Africa.
Article in Malaria journal, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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29 citing papers in PubMed.
- Species composition and blood feeding patterns of understudied Anopheles mosquitoes in southern Zambia, an area of low malaria transmission.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- Microsatellite analysis of genetic differentiation among populations of the malaria vector Anopheles funestus across mainland Tanzania reveals contrasted patterns of geographic isolation and gene flow.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Assessing Anopheles species collection techniques in a low malaria transmission area: implications for vector surveillance and control.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Anopheles arabiensis larval habitats characterization and Anopheles species diversity in water bodies from Jozini, KwaZulu-Natal Province.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Insights into the biology and insecticide susceptibility of the secondary malaria vector Anopheles parensis in an area with long-term use of insecticide-treated nets in northwestern Tanzania.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Host Preferences and Impact of Climate on Blood Feeding inTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Entomological survey of sibling species in the Anopheles funestus group in Tanzania confirms the role of Anopheles parensis as a secondary malaria vector.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Changes in contributions of different Anopheles vector species to malaria transmission in east and southern Africa from 2000 to 2022.Parasites & vectors · 2023Review
- Advances in the genetic characterization of the malaria vector, Anopheles funestus, and implications for improved surveillance and control.Malaria journal · 2023Review
- Species Composition, Seasonal Abundance, and Biting Behavior of Malaria Vectors in Rural Conhane Village, Southern Mozambique.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Malaria Vector Surveillance and Control in an Elimination Setting in South Africa.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Article
- Susceptibility of primary, secondary and suspected vectors to Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum infection in Ethiopia.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- Six decades of malaria vector control in southern Africa: a review of the entomological evidence-base.Malaria journal · 2022Review
- Persistently high proportions ofParasite epidemiology and control · 2022Article
- Expanded geographic distribution and host preference of Anopheles gibbinsi (Anopheles species 6) in northern Zambia.Malaria journal · 2022Article
- Intensity of insecticide resistance in the major malaria vector Anopheles funestus from Chikwawa, rural Southern Malawi.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- Using ecological observations to improve malaria control in areas where Anopheles funestus is the dominant vector.Malaria journal · 2022Review
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- Review of Issues on Residual Malaria Transmission.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
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7 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundUnderstanding the contribution of outdoor-resting Anopheles mosquitoes to residual malaria transmission is important in terms of scaling up vector control towards malaria elimination in South Africa. The aim of this project was to assess the potential role of Anopheles parensis and other Anopheles species in residual malaria transmission, using sentinel surveillance sites in the uMkhanyakude District of northern KwaZulu-Natal Province.
methodsMonthly vector surveillance was conducted at the sentinel sites from January 2017 to May 2018. Outdoor-placed clay pot resting traps were used to collect male and female adult Anopheles mosquitoes. All Anopheles gambiae complex and Anopheles funestus group specimens collected were identified to species and all females were screened for Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Samples showing infectivity for P. falciparum were further verified by a nested PCR and subsequent DNA sequence analysis.
resultsFrom a sample of 491 anophelines, Anopheles arabiensis (n = 228) and An. parensis (n = 194) were the most abundant. Other species collected included Anopheles merus (n =11), Anopheles quadriannulatus (n = 10), Anopheles leesoni (n = 29), Anopheles rivulorum (n =18), and Anopheles vaneedeni (n =1). Of the 317 female specimens screened for P. falciparum CSP, one Anopheles arabiensis and one An. parensis showed positive by ELISA and Plasmodium nested PCR. For the An. parensis specimen, confirmation of its species identity was based on sequence analysis of the ITS2 region, and the presence of P. falciparum DNA was further confirmed by sequence analysis.
conclusionsAnopheles parensis is a potential vector of malaria in South Africa although its contribution to transmission is likely to be minimal at best owing to its strong zoophilic tendency. By contrast, An. arabiensis is a major vector that is primarily responsible for the bulk of residual malaria transmission in South Africa. As all recently collected sporozoite-positive Anopheles mosquitoes were found in outdoor-placed resting traps, it is necessary to introduce interventions that can be used to control outdoor-resting vector populations while maintaining the efficacy of South Africa's indoor house spraying operations.
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