ArticleMetabolites2019
Biotransformation of the Mycotoxin Enniatin B1 by CYP P450 3A4 and Potential for Drug-Drug Interactions.
Article in Metabolites, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Enniatin Mycotoxins in Food: A Systematic Review of Global Occurrence, Biosynthesis, and Toxicological Impacts on In Vitro Human Cell Models.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2025Pooled it
- Immunomodulatory and Cytotoxic Properties of Enniatin B1 in Porcine Alveolar Macrophages.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2026Article
- Effects of Enniatin B1 on differentiated Caco-2 human intestinal cells in vitro.Mycotoxin research · 2026Article
- Human biomonitoring of mycotoxins: key challenges and future directions.Mycotoxin research · 2025Review
- Hazard characterization of the mycotoxins enniatins and beauvericin to identify data gaps and improve risk assessment for human health.Archives of toxicology · 2025Review
- Potential for the Bio-Detoxification of the Mycotoxins Enniatin B and Deoxynivalenol by Lactic Acid Bacteria andMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Article
- Enniatin B1: Emerging Mycotoxin and Emerging Issues.Toxins · 2023Review
- Article
- Unravelling the pharmacokinetics of aflatoxin B1:Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Rapid preparation of nanodiscs for biophysical studies.Archives of biochemistry and biophysics · 2021Article
- Mycotoxins: Biotransformation and Bioavailability Assessment Using Caco-2 Cell Monolayer.Toxins · 2020Review
- Biomonitoring of Enniatin B1 and Its Phase I Metabolites in Human Urine: First Large-Scale Study.Toxins · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Enniatins (ENNs) are fungal secondary metabolites that frequently occur in grain in temperate climates. Their toxic potency is connected to their ionophoric character and lipophilicity. The biotransformation of ENNs predominantly takes place via cytochrome P450 3A (CYP 3A)-dependent oxidation reactions. Possible interaction with ENNs is relevant since CYP3A4 is the main metabolic enzyme for numerous drugs and contaminants. In the present study, we have determined the kinetic characteristics and inhibitory potential of ENNB1 in human liver microsomes (HLM) and CYP3A4-containing nanodiscs (ND). We showed in both in vitro systems that ENNB1 is mainly metabolised by CYP3A4, producing at least eleven metabolites. Moreover, ENNB1 significantly decreased the hydroxylation rates of the typical CYP3A4-substrate midazolam (MDZ). Deoxynivalenol (DON), which is the most prevalent mycotoxin in grain and usually co-occurrs with the ENNs, was not metabolised by CYP3A4 or binding to its active site. Nevertheless, DON affected the efficiency of this biotransformation pathway both in HLM and ND. The metabolite formation rates of ENNB1 and the frequently used drugs progesterone (PGS) and atorvastatin (ARVS) lactone were noticeably reduced, which indicated a certain affinity of DON to the enzyme with subsequent conformational changes. Our results emphasise the importance of drug-drug interaction studies, also with regard to natural toxins.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.