ReviewNutrients2019
Cow's Milk Substitutes for Children: Nutritional Aspects of Milk from Different Mammalian Species, Special Formula and Plant-Based Beverages.
Review in Nutrients, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 180 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mapping the evidence of novel plant-based foods: a systematic review of nutritional, health, and environmental impacts in high-income countries.Nutrition reviews · 2025Pooled it
- The Aflatoxin M1 Content of Cow Milk in Cyprus as Affected by Season and Year of Production: A Five-Year Survey.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota: A key player for soluble dietary fiber in regulating inflammatory disease.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Influence of a Vegan Diet on Child Health and Development: A Scoping Review.Nutrition reviews · 2026Article
- Extracellular Vesicles from Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Modulate Lymphocyte and Eosinophil Responses in Cow's Milk Allergy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Plant-based analogues to meat and dairy for sustainable food systems.The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society · 2026Review
- The health risk assessment and determination of aflatoxin MFood chemistry: X · 2026Article
- A culturally integrated framework for infant nutrition beyond health education: lessons and a model from the Tibetan population.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Data-independent acquisition quantitative proteomics analysis of milk fat globule membrane proteins in rabbit colostrum and mature milk.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Review
- The evolution of nutritional care in children with food allergies - With a focus on cow's milk allergy.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2025Review
- World Allergy Organization (WAO) Diagnosis and Rationale for Action against Cow's Milk Allergy (DRACMA) guidelines update - XVI - Nutritional management of cow's milk allergy.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2024Article
- BCM-7: Opioid-like Peptide with Potential Role in Disease Mechanisms.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Alterations in the gut microbiota of toddlers with cow milk protein allergy treated with a partially hydrolyzed formula containing synbiotics: A nonrandomized controlled interventional study.Food science & nutrition · 2024Article
- Symptomatic hypercalcemia in an infant secondary to excessive consumption of almond milk as a formula alternative.JPGN reports · 2024Article
- Healthy Effects of Milk and Dairy Product Consumption in the Mediterranean Area and Japan.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2024Review
- Research progress on the mechanism of probiotics regulating cow milk allergy in early childhood and its application in hypoallergenic infant formula.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Review
- Analysis for lipid nutrient differences in the milk of 13 species from a quantitative non-targeted lipidomics perspective.Food chemistry: X · 2023Article
- Breast and Formula Milk and Early Puberty Onset.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Possibility of Using Different Calcium Compounds for the Manufacture of Fresh Acid Rennet Cheese from Goat's Milk.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cow's milk and dairy are commonly consumed foods in the human diet and contribute to maintaining a healthy nutritional state, providing unique sources of energy, calcium, protein, and vitamins, especially during early childhood. Milk formula is usually made from cow's milk and represents the first food introduced into an infant's diet when breastfeeding is either not possible or insufficient to cover nutritional needs. Very recently, increased awareness of cow's milk protein allergy and intolerance, and higher preference to vegan dietary habits have influenced parents towards frequently choosing cows' milk substitutes for children, comprising other mammalian milk types and plant-based milk beverages. However, many of these milk alternatives do not necessarily address the nutritional requirements of infants and children. There is a strong need to promote awareness about qualitative and quantitative nutritional compositions of different milk formulas, in order to guide parents and medical providers selecting the best option for children. In this article, we sought to review the different compositions in terms of macronutrients and micronutrients of milk from different mammalian species, including special milk formulas indicated for cow's milk allergy, and of plant-based milk alternatives.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.