ReviewPediatric research2020
The color of health: how racism, segregation, and inequality affect the health and well-being of preterm infants and their families.
Review in Pediatric research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 112 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
112 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Eligible Infants Included in Neonatal Clinical Trials and Reasons for Noninclusion: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2024Pooled it
- Race and Ethnicity of Infants Enrolled in Neonatal Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2023Pooled it
- Racial discrimination and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ global health · 2022Pooled it
- Implicit Racial Bias in Evaluation of Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Trial
- Impact of race on heart rate characteristics monitoring in very low birth weight infants.Pediatric research · 2023Trial
- Socio-demographic factors related to parent engagement in the NICU and the impact of the SENSE program.Early human development · 2021Trial
- The Association of School Racial Segregation with Health Among U.S. Youths: A Nationwide Longitudinal Study.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Improving infant health equity: what have we learned, what do we do.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Teenage Pregnancy Insurance Access, Outcome Disparities, and State Medicaid Expansion.Clinical pediatrics · 2026Article
- Disparities in delivery hospital risk-adjusted outcomes for very low birthweight infants: the role of NICU volume and level of care.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Social determinants of health and outcome of extremely preterm infants: A Swiss population-based study.PloS one · 2026Article
- From NICU to home: meeting the mental health needs of families after discharge.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Review
- Interventions to address inequities in infant mortality and morbidity in the NICU and beyond: A focus on the mother-infant dyad.Seminars in perinatology · 2025Review
- Effect of the COVID-19 lockdown in Shanghai on maternal and neonatal outcomes.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Inequities in prenatal neonatology consultation in high-mortality neonatal populations.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Article
- Neonatal multimorbidity and the phenotype of premature aging in preterm infants.Pediatric research · 2025Review
- Lack of Parental Visitation as a Symptom, Not a Diagnosis: The Impact of Social Drivers of Health in the NICU.NeoReviews · 2025Article
- Identifying characteristics associated with genetic testing in the NICU.Journal of community genetics · 2025Article
- Physicians' experiences screening for and addressing patients' social needs in prenatal healthcare.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Healthy life expectancy by county, race, and ethnicity in the USA, 2009-19: a systematic analysis of health disparities.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
52 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Racism, segregation, and inequality contribute to health outcomes and drive health disparities across the life course, including for newborn infants and their families. In this review, we address their effects on the health and well-being of newborn infants and their families with a focus on preterm birth. We discuss three causal pathways: increased risk; lower-quality care; and socioeconomic disadvantages that persist into infancy, childhood, and beyond. For each pathway, we propose specific interventions and research priorities that may remedy the adverse effects of racism, segregation, and inequality. Infants and their families will not realize the full benefit of advances in perinatal and neonatal care until we, collectively, accept our responsibility for addressing the range of determinants that shape long-term outcomes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.