ArticlePloS one2019
Utility of chemokines CCL2, CXCL8, 10 and 13 and interleukin 6 in the pediatric cohort for the recognition of neuroinflammation and in the context of traditional cerebrospinal fluid neuroinflammatory biomarkers.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Screening, Analysis, and Validation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Related DEGs in Epilepsy.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Evidence for the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi in invasive breast cancer tissues.European journal of microbiology & immunology · 2024Article
- Proinflammatory Chemokine Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Neuroinvasive Flavivirus Infections.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Unveiling the hidden connection: the blood-brain barrier's role in epilepsy.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Review
- Repeated seizure-induced brainstem neuroinflammation contributes to post-ictal ventilatory control dysfunction.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
- Protective Effects of 3'-Epilutein and 3'-Oxolutein against Glutamate-Induced Neuronal Damage.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Multiplex Assessment of Serum Chemokines CCL2, CCL5, CXCL1, CXCL10, and CXCL13 Following Traumatic Brain Injury.Inflammation · 2023Article
- Lutein Decreases Inflammation and Oxidative Stress and Prevents Iron Accumulation and Lipid Peroxidation at Glutamate-Induced Neurotoxicity.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Alignment of practices for data harmonization across multi-center cell therapy trials: a report from the Consortium for Pediatric Cellular Immunotherapy.Cytotherapy · 2022Article
- Neopterin and CXCL-10 in Cerebrospinal Fluid as Potential Biomarkers of Neuroinvasive Dengue and Chikungunya.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Cytokines and Onchocerciasis-Associated Epilepsy, a Pilot Study and Review of the Literature.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Antiviral Cytokine Response in Neuroinvasive and Non-Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus Infection.Viruses · 2021Article
- Cerebrospinal fluid neopterin as a biomarker of neuroinflammatory diseases.Scientific reports · 2020Observational
- An immunotherapy effect analysis in Rasmussen encephalitis.BMC neurology · 2020Article
- Comparative Analysis of the Euroimmun CXCL13 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and the ReaScan Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Diagnosis of Lyme Neuroborreliosis.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2020Article
- Toll-like receptor linked cytokine profiles in cerebrospinal fluid discriminate neurological infection from sterile inflammation.Brain communications · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe recognition of active inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) in the absence of infectious agents is challenging. The present study aimed to determine the diagnostic relevance of five selected chemo/cytokines in the recognition of CNS inflammation and in the context of traditional cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers (white blood cell [WBC] counts, oligoclonal bands, protein levels, CSF/serum albumin ratios) and clinical diagnoses.
methodsC-C and C-X-C motif ligands (CCL2, CXCL8, 10 and 13) and interleukin (IL) 6 levels in the CSF and serum from 37 control and 87 symptomatic children with ten different (mostly noninfectious) inflammatory CNS disorders (16 of which had follow-up samples after recovery) were determined using Luminex multiple bead technology and software. Nonparametric tests were used; p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to analyze controls and 1) all symptomatic samples or 2) symptomatic samples without CSF pleocytosis.
resultsCompared with the control CSF samples, levels of all investigated chemo/cytokines were increased in symptomatic CSF samples, and only IL-6 remained elevated in recovery samples (p ≤ 0.001). CSF CXCL-13 levels (> 10.9 pg/mL) were the best individual discriminatory criterion to differentiate neuroinflammation (specificity/sensitivity: 97/72% and 97/61% for samples without pleocytosis), followed by CSF WBC counts (specificity/sensitivity: 97/62%). The clinical utility of the remaining CSF chemo/cytokine levels was determined in descending order of sensitivities corresponding to thresholds that ensured 97% specificity for neuroinflammation in samples without pleocytosis (pg/mL; sensitivity %): IL-6 (3.8; 34), CXCL8 (32; 26), CXCL10 (317; 24) and CCL2 (387; 10). Different diagnosis-related patterns of CSF chemo/cytokines were observed.
conclusionsThe increased CSF level of CXCL13 was the marker with the greatest predictive utility for the general recognition of neuroinflammation among all of the individually investigated biomarkers. The potential clinical utility of chemo/cytokines in the differential diagnosis of neuroinflammatory diseases was identified.
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