ArticleJournal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA2019
The ratio of anterior anogenital distance to posterior anogenital distance: A novel-biomarker for polycystic ovary syndrome.
Article in Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Anogenital Distance and Gynecological Disorders: Endometriosis and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Pooled it
- POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME: ORIGINS AND IMPLICATIONS: Gestational anti-Müllerian hormone and testosterone excess combined with maternal adiposity program for polycystic ovary syndrome.Reproduction (Cambridge, England) · 2025Review
- Evaluation of Anogenital Distance and Anti-Müllerian Hormone Plasmatic Concentration as Potential Phenotypes to Predict Reproductive Performance in Holstein Heifers.Veterinary sciences · 2024Article
- Shorter Anogenital Distance in Women with Ovarian Endometriomas and Adenomyosis, but Not Uterine Leiomyomas.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Association between anogenital distance as a noninvasive index in the diagnosis and prognosis of reproductive disorder: A systematic review.International journal of reproductive biomedicine · 2023Review
- The role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in polycystic ovary syndrome.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2022Review
- Endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome are diametric disorders.Evolutionary applications · 2021Review
- Trans sexualism.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2021Article
- Variation among human populations in endometriosis and PCOS A test of the inverse comorbidity model.Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2021Review
- Molecular Mechanisms of Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling and Its Therapeutic Effects in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Abnormal GnRH Pulsatility in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Recent Insights.Current opinion in endocrine and metabolic research · 2020 · on this mapArticle
- Does the observation of lower ratio of anterior anogenital distance and posterior anogenital distance appear in adolescent and remain constant in women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome?Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2020Article
- Does the ratio of anterior anogenital distance to posterior anogenital distance fit the novel biomarker for women with polycystic ovary syndrome?Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2019Article
- Naturally Occurring and Experimentally Induced Rhesus Macaque Models for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Translational Gateways to Clinical Application.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
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7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age. The etiopathogenesis of the disease remains uncertain. Additionally, a full consensus has not been reached regarding PCOS diagnostic criteria. Several attempts have been made to diagnose PCOS with a simple clinical biomarker, but most of them failed. This study aims to investigate the possible association between PCOS and anogenital distance (AGD), which is an important sign of intrauterine androgen exposure.
methodsA prospective cohort study was conducted on 130 women. The study group contained 65 women with PCOS whereas 65 healthy women were recruited for the control group, all between 18 and 40 years in age. The groups were compared in terms of demographics and clinical and laboratory parameters. Both anterior and posterior AGDs and associated ratios were recorded for each woman.
resultsThe mean ratio of anterior AGD to posterior AGD for the PCOS and control group were 4.4 ± 1.0 and 4.9 ± 1.0, respectively (p = 0.003). Regression analysis demonstrated that this ratio significantly and positively correlated with the waist to hip ratio and negatively correlated with the free androgen index.
conclusionAGD was initially used to define sexual differentiation of animals. Subsequent human studies showed that boys have longer AGDs than girls. Recent studies supporting the hypothesis that extreme prenatal androgen exposure contributes to PCOS found that AGD in adult PCOS patients was longer than control PCOS patients. However, a novel biomarker other than AGD needs to be identified to standardize these measurements. This work represents the first study to evaluate the ratio of anterior AGD to posterior AGD in PCOS patients. In this study, AGD anterior and posterior measurements were longer in PCOS patients than in controls. However, the strongest predictor of PCOS is the ratio of anterior to posterior AGD.
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