ArticleImmunoHorizons2019
Roles of T Follicular Helper Cells and T Follicular Regulatory Cells in Autoantibody Production in IL-2-Deficient Mice.
Article in ImmunoHorizons, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- The T follicular helper/T follicular helper regulatory pathway in FVIII immune responses in mice.Blood · 2025Article
- Germinal center versus extrafollicular responses in systemic autoimmunity: Who turns the blade on self?Advances in immunology · 2024Review
- Gut-joint axis: Gut dysbiosis can contribute to the onset of rheumatoid arthritisFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- T cell help in the autoreactive germinal center.Scandinavian journal of immunology · 2022Review
- TFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Differentiation, functions, and roles of T follicular regulatory cells in autoimmune diseases.Inflammation and regeneration · 2021Review
- Altered Distribution of Circulating T Follicular Helper-Like Cell Subsets in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- The multifaceted functions of follicular regulatory T cells.Current opinion in immunology · 2020Review
- Bcl6 and Blimp1 reciprocally regulate ST2The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2020Article
- Dynamic Roles for IL-2-STAT5 Signaling in Effector and Regulatory CD4Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Autoantibodies can result from excessive T follicular helper (Tfh) cell activity, whereas T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells negatively regulate autoantibody production. IL-2 knockout (KO) mice on the BALB/c background have elevated Tfh responses, produce autoantibodies, and develop lethal autoimmunity. We analyzed Tfh and Tfr cells in IL-2 KO mice on the C57BL/6 (B6) genetic background. In B6 IL-2 KO mice, the spontaneous formation of Tfh cells and germinal center B cells was greatly enhanced, along with production of anti-DNA autoantibodies. IL-2 has been reported to repress Tfr cell differentiation; however, Tfr cells were not increased over wild-type levels in the B6 IL-2 KO mice. To assess Tfh and Tfr cell regulation of autoantibody production in IL-2 KO mice, we generated IL-2 KO mice with a T cell-specific deletion of the master Tfh cell transcription factor Bcl6. In IL-2 KO Bcl6 conditional KO (2KO-Bcl6TC) mice, Tfh cells, Tfr cells, and germinal center B cells were ablated. In contrast to expectations, autoantibody IgG titers in 2KO-Bcl6TC mice were significantly elevated over autoantibody IgG titers in IL-2 KO mice. Specific deletion of Tfr cells with Foxp3-cre Bcl6-flox alleles in IL-2 KO mice led to early lethality, before high levels of autoantibodies could develop. We found IL-2
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.