ReviewImmunological reviews2019
CAR T cells for brain tumors: Lessons learned and road ahead.
Review in Immunological reviews, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 157 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
157 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 210 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of vaccination therapy in newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma patients: a meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of chimeric antigen receptor T-cells treatment in central nervous system lymphoma: a PRISMA-compliant single-arm meta-analysis.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2023Pooled it
- A Comparison Between Chemo-Radiotherapy Combined With Immunotherapy and Chemo-Radiotherapy Alone for the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Pooled it
- Cellular and Immunotherapy for Pediatric Brain Tumors: A Primer.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Review
- Nanotechnology-based immunotherapy: integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) with current strategies in combating brain cancer disease.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2026Review
- Applications of transcranial focused ultrasound for primary brain tumors.Neuro-oncology advances · 2026Review
- Tumor Microenvironmental Regulation of CAR T-Cell Therapy in High Risk Medulloblastoma.Research square · 2026Article
- Review
- Beyond immune privilege: the brain as a dynamic immunological interface.Cell death & disease · 2026Review
- The Application of PD-1 Inhibitors in Immunotherapy for Glioblastoma.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Review
- Emerging frontiers in glioma therapy: the evolving role of glioma vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- CAR T-cells for the treatment of CNS malignancies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Synergy of radiotherapy, focused ultrasound, and immunotherapy in the treatment of brain metastases.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Review
- Allogeneic stem cell-engineered EGFRvIII-specific CAR-NKT cells for treating glioblastoma with enhanced efficacy and safety.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Cyclodextrin-Based Formulations as a Promising Strategy to Overcome the Blood-Brain Barrier: Historical Overview and Prospects in Glioblastoma Treatment.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- EnhancedScience advances · 2025Article
- CAR-T cell therapy for glioblastoma: advances, challenges, and future directions.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Cell therapies against brain tumors: Clinical development and emerging prospects.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2025Review
- Advancements and challenges in CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors: A comprehensive review of antigen targets, strategies, and future directions.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
- Enhancing adoptive cell therapy: future strategies for immune cell radioprotection in neuro-oncology.NPJ precision oncology · 2025Review
97 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Malignant brain tumors, including glioblastoma, represent some of the most difficult to treat of solid tumors. Nevertheless, recent progress in immunotherapy, across a broad range of tumor types, provides hope that immunological approaches will have the potential to improve outcomes for patients with brain tumors. Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) T cells, a promising immunotherapeutic modality, utilizes the tumor targeting specificity of any antibody or receptor ligand to redirect the cytolytic potency of T cells. The remarkable clinical response rates of CD19-targeted CAR T cells and early clinical experiences in glioblastoma demonstrating safety and evidence for disease modifying activity support the potential of further advancements ultimately providing clinical benefit for patients. The brain, however, is an immune specialized organ presenting unique and specific challenges to immune-based therapies. Remaining barriers to be overcome for achieving effective CAR T cell therapy in the central nervous system (CNS) include tumor antigenic heterogeneity, an immune-suppressive microenvironment, unique properties of the CNS that limit T cell entry, and risks of immune-based toxicities in this highly sensitive organ. This review will summarize preclinical and clinical data for CAR T cell immunotherapy in glioblastoma and other malignant brain tumors, including present obstacles to advancement.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.