ReviewFrontiers in immunology2019
Immunological Aspects of Approved MS Therapeutics.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 93 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
93 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 148 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) on efficacy and adverse events in patients with autoimmune neurological diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on real-world studies and single-arm clinical trials.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Glatiramer Acetate Immunomodulation: Evidence of Neuroprotection and Cognitive Preservation.Cells · 2022Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Tissue and Single Cell Transcriptome/Proteome Studies of the Brain in Multiple Sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- A case report of late-onset atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome during interferon beta in multiple sclerosis: Open issues in literature review.Brain and behavior · 2021Pooled it
- Single-cell analysis of skin and blood reveals systemic immune responses to ultraviolet B and their impairment in MS.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Trial
- Failed resolution of inflammation in intracerebral haemorrhage.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2026Review
- Comments on: Iron accumulation in the corpus callosum; a quantitative MRI study in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Article
- Nucleoside-Analog Reverse-Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) Against Multiple Sclerosis: Comprehensive Review on a Possible Novel Therapeutic Approach.Neurology international · 2026Review
- 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivative: A Potential Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Agent in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- Applications of Biodegradable Polymeric Nanomaterials as Drug Delivery Systems.Current drug delivery · 2026Review
- Glial D-serine modulates oligodendrocyte lineage progression under inflammatory conditions.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Article
- Advanced multiple sclerosis: an exploratory study on a neglected patient population.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Disease Course in Patients Switched from Natalizumab to Alemtuzumab: An Italian Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Study.Neurology and therapy · 2025Article
- Therapeutic Advances in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Dual Role of Microglia in Multiple Sclerosis and its Implications for Diagnostics and Repair.Current neuropharmacology · 2025Review
- Microbiota modulation by teriflunomide therapy in people with multiple sclerosis: An observational case-control study.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2024Observational
- RNF213 promotes Treg cell differentiation by facilitating K63-linked ubiquitination and nuclear translocation of FOXO1.Nature communications · 2024Article
- The effect of interferon beta on quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis study.Current journal of neurology · 2024Review
- Early use of high-efficacy therapies in multiple sclerosis in the United States: benefits, barriers, and strategies for encouraging adoption.Journal of neurology · 2024Review
- Twenty Years of Subcutaneous Interferon-Beta-1a for Multiple Sclerosis: Contemporary Perspectives.Neurology and therapy · 2024Review
33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 9 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common neurological immune-mediated disease leading to disability in young adults. The outcome of the disease is unpredictable, and over time, neurological disabilities accumulate. Interferon beta-1b was the first drug to be approved in the 1990s for relapsing-remitting MS to modulate the course of the disease. Over the past two decades, the treatment landscape has changed tremendously. Currently, more than a dozen drugs representing 1 substances with different mechanisms of action have been approved (interferon beta preparations, glatiramer acetate, fingolimod, siponimod, mitoxantrone, teriflunomide, dimethyl fumarate, cladribine, alemtuzumab, ocrelizumab, and natalizumab). Ocrelizumab was the first medication to be approved for primary progressive MS. The objective of this review is to present the modes of action of these drugs and their effects on the immunopathogenesis of MS. Each agent's clinical development and potential side effects are discussed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.