ArticleNeurospine2018
Diagnosing Pseudoarthrosis After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion.
Article in Neurospine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global Variation in Fusion Assessment Practices Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion.Global spine journal · 2026Article
- GLP-1 receptor agonists and outcomes after cervical spine fusion: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and evidence map of real-world evidence.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Review
- The Utility of Routine Postoperative Radiographs Following Surgical Treatment of Traumatic Cervical Spine Injuries.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Comparison of multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion utilizing zero-profile self-locking cages versus the cage-with-plate system: a 5-year-minimum follow-up study.Asian spine journal · 2026Article
- Longer Screws Decrease the Risk of Radiographic Pseudarthrosis Following Elective Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion.Global spine journal · 2025Article
- Association between fusion and clinical outcomes after anterior cervical discectomy at 1-, 2- and 5-year follow-up.PloS one · 2025Article
- Comparison of fusion rate, radiologic and clinical outcome between CaO-SiOEuropean spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2025Article
- Impact of congenital spinal stenosis on the outcome of three-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a retrospective study.International orthopaedics · 2024Article
- Stand-Alone Anchored Spacer vs Anterior Plate Construct in the Management of Adjacent Segment Disease after Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Comparative Studies.Global spine journal · 2024Review
- Effect of Osteoporosis on Clinical and Radiological Outcomes Following One-Level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion.Asian spine journal · 2024Article
- An Algorithmic Roadmap for the Surgical Management of Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: A Narrative Review.Asian spine journal · 2024Article
- The incidence of reoperation for pseudarthrosis after cervical spine surgery.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2024Article
- Dosing Strategy for Osteobiologics Used in ACDF Surgery: Influence on Fusion Rates and Associated Complications. A Systematic Literature Review.Global spine journal · 2024Article
- Porous Cage Macro-Topography Improves Early Fusion Rates in Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion.Surgery research and practice · 2024Article
- Pseudoarthrosis after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: rate of occult infections and outcome of anterior revision surgery.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2023Article
- Anterior bone loss: A common phenomenon which should be considered as bone remodeling process existed not only in patients underwent cervical disk replacement but also those with anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2023Article
- Impact of the K-line in patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: Analysis of sagittal cervical curvature changes and surgical outcomes.Frontiers in surgery · 2023Article
- Endplate-specific fusion rate 1 year after surgery for two-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion(ACDF).Acta neurochirurgica · 2022Article
- Comparing Fusion Rates Between Fresh-Frozen and Freeze-Dried Allografts in Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion.World neurosurgery: X · 2022Article
- Successful fusion versus pseudarthrosis after spinal instrumentation: a comprehensive imaging review.Neuroradiology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Radiographic confirmation of fusion after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) surgery is a critical aspect of determining surgical success. However, there is a lack of established diagnostic radiographic parameters for pseudoarthrosis. The purpose of this study is to summarize the findings of previous studies, review the advantages and disadvantages of frequently employed diagnostic criteria, and present our recommended protocol of fusion assessment. This study identified randomized controlled trials, case-control studies, and prospective and retrospective cohort studies reporting on spinal fusion and how successful fusion after ACDF. Among the 39 articles reviewed, bridging bone across the operated levels on static radiographs was the most commonly used criteria to confirm fusion (31 of 39, 79%). Dynamic flexion-extension radiographs were used to assess for interspinous movement (ISM) (22 of 39, 56.4%) and change in Cobb angle (12 of 39, 30.8%). Computed tomography (CT) based findings (21 of 39, 53.8%) were employed in ambiguous cases with improved sensitivity and specificity. Reconstructed CT scans were used to assess for intragraft bridging bone and extragraft bridging bone (ExGBB). ExGBB were proved to have the highest diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for pseudoarthrosis detection when compared to all other radiographic criteria. The ISM <1 mm on dynamic flexion-extension radiographs had high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity as well. After our reviewing, we recommend using dynamic lateral flexion-extension cervical spine radiographs at 150% magnificationin which the interspinous motion <1 mm and superjacent interspinous motion ≥4 mm confirms fusion. In ambiguous cases, we recommend using reconstructed CT scans to evaluate for ExGBB.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.