ArticleCancer causes & control : CCC2019
Associations of mammographic breast density with breast stem cell marker-defined breast cancer subtypes.
Article in Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reliability of stromal markers multiplex immunofluorescent staining: pathologist assessment compared to quantitative image analysis.American journal of cancer research · 2026Article
- Associations of alcohol consumption with expression of CD44, CD24, and ALDH1A1 stem cell markers in benign breast biopsy samples.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2025Article
- Associations of Stem Cell Markers with Lobular Involution in Benign Breast Tissue.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- Associations of circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 with the expression of stem cell markers in benign breast tissue.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Cancer stem cells: advances in knowledge and implications for cancer therapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Associations of stem cell markers CD44, CD24 and ALDH1A1 with mammographic breast density in women with benign breast biopsies.British journal of cancer · 2024Article
- Reproductive factors and expression of stem cell markers in women with incident benign breast disease.American journal of cancer research · 2024Article
- Associations of reproductive breast cancer risk factors with expression of stem cell markers in benign breast tissue.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Associations of stem cell markers in benign breast tissue with subsequent breast cancer risk.American journal of cancer research · 2023Article
- Reliability of CD44, CD24, and ALDH1A1 immunohistochemical staining: Pathologist assessment compared to quantitative image analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Cancer stem cells in colorectal cancer and the association with chemotherapy resistance.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2021Review
- Article
- Cancer Stem Cells-Origins and Biomarkers: Perspectives for Targeted Personalized Therapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeHigh mammographic breast density is a strong, well-established breast cancer risk factor. Whether stem cells may explain high breast cancer risk in dense breasts is unknown. We investigated the association between breast density and breast cancer risk by the status of stem cell markers CD44, CD24, and ALDH1A1 in the tumor.
methodsWe included 223 women with primary invasive or in situ breast cancer and 399 age-matched controls from Mayo Clinic Mammography Study. Percent breast density (PD), absolute dense area (DA), and non-dense area (NDA) were assessed using computer-assisted thresholding technique. Immunohistochemical analysis of the markers was performed on tumor tissue microarrays according to a standard protocol. We used polytomous logistic regression to quantify the associations of breast density measures with breast cancer risk across marker-defined tumor subtypes.
resultsOf the 223 cancers in the study, 182 were positive for CD44, 83 for CD24 and 52 for ALDH1A1. Associations of PD were not significantly different across t marker-defined subtypes (51% + vs. 11-25%: OR 2.83, 95% CI 1.49-5.37 for CD44+ vs. OR 1.87, 95% CI 0.47-7.51 for CD44-, p-heterogeneity = 0.66; OR 2.80, 95% CI 1.27-6.18 for CD24+ vs. OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.14-5.22 for CD24-, p-heterogeneity = 0.61; OR 3.04, 95% CI 1.14-8.10 for ALDH1A1+ vs. OR 2.57. 95% CI 1.30-5.08 for ALDH1A1-, p-heterogeneity = 0.94). Positive associations of DA and inverse associations of NDA with breast cancer risk were similar across marker-defined subtypes.
conclusionsWe found no evidence of differential associations of breast density with breast cancer risk by the status of stem cell markers. Further studies in larger study populations are warranted to confirm these associations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.