ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2019
Metformin mediates neuroprotection and attenuates hearing loss in experimental pneumococcal meningitis.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- The mTOR Pathway in Hearing Disorders: Mechanistic Links to Aging, Regeneration, and Neurodegeneration.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Transcranial ultrasound combined with intravenous metformin-loaded oxygenated microbubbles attenuates noise-induced hearing loss in mice.Drug delivery · 2025Article
- Association Between Polypharmacy and Self-Reported Hearing Disability: An Observational Study Using ATC Classification and HHIE-S-It Questionnaire.Audiology research · 2025Article
- The Role of Molecular and Cellular Aging Pathways on Age-Related Hearing Loss.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Pneumococcal Meningitis Induces Hearing Loss and Cochlear Ossification Modulated by Chemokine Receptors CX3CR1 and CCR2.Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO · 2024Article
- Bilateral hearing loss caused by anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis with teratoma: A case report.Ibrain · 2024Article
- A Multicenter Cohort Study on the Association between Metformin Use and Hearing Loss in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using a Common Data Model.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- The CCR5 antagonist maraviroc exerts limited neuroprotection without improving neurofunctional outcome in experimental pneumococcal meningitis.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Actions of Metformin in the Brain: A New Perspective of Metformin Treatments in Related Neurological Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Research advances on how metformin improves memory impairment in "chemobrain".Neural regeneration research · 2022Article
- Article
- Regulation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor attenuates neuroinflammation and stimulates hippocampal neurogenesis in experimental Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2021Article
- Metformin reduces neuroinflammation and improves cognitive functions after traumatic brain injury.Neuroscience research · 2021Article
- Quality and Authenticity of Metformin Tablets Circulating on Japanese Websites.Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science · 2021Article
- mTOR Signaling in the Inner Ear as Potential Target to Treat Hearing Loss.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Inner Ear Infections.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Single-Cell RNA-Seq of Cisplatin-Treated Adult Stria Vascularis Identifies Cell Type-Specific Regulatory Networks and Novel Therapeutic Gene Targets.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2021Article
- Evaluation of neurofilament light chain in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood as a biomarker for neuronal damage in experimental pneumococcal meningitis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2020Article
- Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation activates glial cells and inhibits neurogenesis after pneumococcal meningitis.PloS one · 2020Article
- Adjuvant Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2 Agonist Modulates the Polarization of Microglia Towards a Non-Inflammatory Phenotype in Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPneumococcal meningitis is associated with high risk of neurological sequelae such as cognitive impairment and hearing loss. These sequelae are due to parenchymal brain and inner ear damage primarily induced by the excessive inflammatory reaction in response to bacterial brain invasion. Metformin-a biguanide drug to treat diabetes mellitus type 2-was recently found to suppress neuroinflammation and induce neuroregeneration. This study evaluated the effect of metformin adjunctive to antibiotics on neuroinflammation, brain and inner ear damage, and neurofunctional outcome in experimental pediatric pneumococcal meningitis.
methodsEleven-day-old Wistar rats were infected intracisternally with 5.22 ± 1.27 × 10
resultsUpon pneumococcal infection, metformin treatment significantly reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide production in cerebrospinal fluid and in astroglial cell cultures in vitro (p < 0.05). Compared to animals receiving ceftriaxone monotherapy, adjunctive metformin significantly reduced cortical necrosis (p < 0.02) during acute infection and improved median click-induced hearing thresholds (60 dB vs. 100 dB, p < 0.002) 5 weeks after infection. Adjuvant metformin significantly improved pure tone hearing thresholds at all assessed frequencies compared to ceftriaxone monotherapy (p < 0.05) and protected from PM-induced spiral ganglion neuron loss in the inner ear (p < 0.05).
conclusionAdjuvant metformin reduces brain injury during pneumococcal meningitis by decreasing the excessive neuroinflammatory response. Furthermore, it protects spiral ganglion neurons in the inner ear and improves hearing impairments after experimental pneumococcal meningitis. These results identify adjuvant metformin as a promising therapeutic option to improve the outcome after pediatric pneumococcal meningitis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.