ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2020
Depletion-of-susceptibles Bias in Analyses of Intra-season Waning of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2019-20 Influenza Season.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2019Guideline
- Validating and leveraging non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infection as a negative control outcome in a phase 3 COVID-19 vaccine trial with extended observational follow-up.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Trial
- A simple and powerful test of vaccine waning.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Maternal ambient air pollution exposure and risk of stillbirth in Georgia, USA.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Article
- Long-Term Survival and Life-Sustaining Device Use in Survivors of First and Second Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Retrospective Cohort Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Article
- Utilizing virus genomic surveillance to predict vaccine effectiveness.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Acute Myocardial Infarction in Medicare Beneficiaries During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Maternal ambient air pollution exposure and risk of stillbirth in Georgia, USA.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Interim vaccine effectiveness against influenza virus among outpatients, France, October 2025 to January 2026.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Article
- Influenza vaccine effectiveness and genetic diversity: insights from end-of-season community surveillance, France, 2024-2025.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Article
- Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccines and Duration of Protection Against Hospitalisation in England: 2022/2023 and 2023/2024 Seasons.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Article
- National Trends in Stroke Presentation, Treatments, and Outcomes During the First 2 Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2025Article
- Observational
- Article
- Vaccination against rapidly evolving pathogens and the entanglements of memory.Nature immunology · 2024Review
- Evaluating the impact of extended dosing intervals on mRNA COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in adolescents.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- Estimating protection afforded by prior infection in preventing reinfection: applying the test-negative study design.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Article
- History of primary-series and booster vaccination and protection against Omicron reinfection.Science advances · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Bias arises in studies of waning vaccine effectiveness when higher-risk individuals are depleted from the at-risk population at different rates between study groups. We examined how this bias arises and how to avoid it. A reanalysis of data from California confirmed a finding of intra-season waning of influenza vaccine effectiveness.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.