ArticleScientific reports2019
Enhanced morphological and functional differences of pancreatic cancer with epithelial or mesenchymal characteristics in 3D culture.
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
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40 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
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- A Novel Microfluidic System for Immunomagnetic Isolation of Pancreatic Cancer CTCs: Plectin‑1 and EpCAM as Potential Tumor Markers.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Proteomic and immunocytochemical analyses of squamous components in two- and three-dimensional-cultured pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Tridax procumbens promotes apoptosis and suppresses markers of proliferation, growth, and metastasis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2026Article
- The Aging Microenvironment Is a Determinant of Immune Exclusion and Metastatic Fate in Pancreatic Cancer.Cancer research · 2026Article
- Metabolic starvation-induced cell swelling drives solid stress in tumors.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Single-cell analysis of anchorage-independent growth ability in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines.BMC research notes · 2026Article
- Enhancement of gemcitabine toxicity and specificity through PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway inhibition in pancreatic cancer.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Mucin expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines in 2D and 3D cultures: A proteomic and immunocytochemical analysis.PloS one · 2026Article
- Transmission electron microscopic analysis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell spheres formed in 3D cultures.Medical molecular morphology · 2025Article
- EMT-associated bias in the Parsortix® system observed with pancreatic cancer cell lines.Molecular oncology · 2025Article
- Impact of different 3D culture environments on spheroid morphology, drug response, and invasion in pancreatic cancer cells.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- Establishing 3D organoid models from patient-derived conditionally reprogrammed cells to bridge preclinical and clinical insights in pancreatic cancer.Molecular cancer · 2025Article
- Morphological and functional analysis of colorectal cancer cell lines in 2D and 3D culture models.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Mathematical strategies for predicting resistant subpopulations from scRNAseq data of a PANC-1 3D tissue model: Insight into gemcitabine resistance and TGFB1-induced invasion and EMT.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Nanomechanical detection to empower robust monitoring of sepsis and microbial adaptive immune system-mediated proinflammatory disease.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Combined effects of matrix stiffness and obesity-associated signaling directs progressive phenotype in PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cellsbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Identification of FOXP3American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2024Article
- Artificial intelligence-based analysis of time-lapse images of sphere formation and process of plate adhesion and spread of pancreatic cancer cells.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer, composed of heterogeneous cancer cells, alters epithelial to mesenchymal features during growth and metastasis. In this study, we aimed to characterize pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells showing epithelial or mesenchymal features in 3D culture. In 3D culture, PK-1 cells had high E-cadherin and low vimentin expression and exhibited a round-like appearance encircled by flat cells. PANC-1 cells had high vimentin and low E-cadherin expression and formed grape-like spheres. PK-1 cells had secretary granules and many microvilli, desmosomes, and adherens junctions, while PANC-1 cells had few microvilli, adherens junction, and no desmosomes. Cytokeratin 7, trypsin, CA19-9, and E-cadherin were highly expressed in PK-1 cells but not in PANC-1 cells. Ki-67 was diffusely expressed in PANC-1 spheres but was restricted to the peripheral flat cells of PK-1 spheres. PANC-1 and PK-1 cells were positive for transforming growth factor (TGF) β receptor II and phosphorylated smad2/3, but PK-1 cells were smad4 negative. Taken together, 3D culture enhanced morphofunctional differences of PDAC cells showing epithelial or mesenchymal characteristics, and epithelial phenotype maintenance may be due to the ineffectiveness of the TGF- β pathway. Clarification of heterogeneity using 3D culture may be useful for development of individualized diagnostic and therapeutic methods in patients with PDAC.
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