Trial reportNature communications2019
Repeat vaccination reduces antibody affinity maturation across different influenza vaccine platforms in humans.
Trial report in Nature communications, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Enhanced Influenza Vaccines Extend A(H3N2) Antibody Reactivity in Older Adults but Prior Vaccination Effects Persist.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Trial
- Exogenous melatonin boosts vaccine-induced immunity in individuals with high pre-existing influenza immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Randomised immunogenicity trial comparing 2019-2020 recombinant and egg-based influenza vaccines among frequently vaccinated healthcare personnel in Israel.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2024Trial
- Redirecting antibody responses from egg-adapted epitopes following repeat vaccination with recombinant or cell culture-based versus egg-based influenza vaccines.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- A fourth dose of the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine redistributes humoral immunity to the N-terminal domain.Nature communications · 2022Trial
- Consistency of self-reported and documented historical influenza vaccination status of US healthcare workers.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Analysis of Ligand Binding Kinetics in Chikungunya Virus Drug Discovery.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2027Article
- Article
- Pre-existing hemagglutinin-specific antibody levels are associated with B-cell repertoire maturation and antibody breadth after influenza vaccination.Virologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Repeat Influenza Vaccination Effects in 2021/22 and 2022/23 in a Community-Based Cohort in Hong Kong.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Maternal RSV vaccination generates high-affinity antibodies that efficiently transfer to infants, providing enhanced passive immunity.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Preexisting IgG forms immune complexes and links local thermal reactogenicity with immunogenicity in influenza vaccination.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- High-dose influenza vaccine augments serological and cellular immunity of older people with HIV.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Epitope-spanning antigenic variation reprograms immunodominance and broadens immunity in sequential influenza vaccination.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Influenza Vaccine Immunogenicity in Hemodialysis Patients.Vaccines · 2026Article
- mRNA-based seasonal influenza vaccines: an overview of immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- Strong immunogenicity and protection against SARS-CoV-2 in hamsters induced by heterologous boost vaccination with an MVA-based COVID-19 vaccine candidate.The Journal of general virology · 2025Article
- Versatile and Scalable Nanoparticle Vaccine as a Scaffold Against Newly Emerging Influenza Viruses.Viruses · 2025Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Several vaccines are approved in the United States for seasonal influenza vaccination every year. Here we compare the impact of repeat influenza vaccination on hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers, antibody binding and affinity maturation to individual hemagglutinin (HA) domains, HA1 and HA2, across vaccine platforms. Fold change in HI and antibody binding to HA1 trends higher for H1N1pdm09 and H3N2 but not against B strains in groups vaccinated with FluBlok compared with FluCelvax and Fluzone. Antibody-affinity maturation occurs against HA1 domain of H1N1pdm09, H3N2 and B following vaccination with all vaccine platforms, but not against H1N1pdm09-HA2. Importantly, prior year vaccination of subjects receiving repeat vaccinations demonstrated reduced antibody-affinity maturation to HA1 of all three influenza virus strains irrespective of the vaccine platform. This study identifies an important impact of repeat vaccination on antibody-affinity maturation following vaccination, which may contribute to lower vaccine effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccines in humans.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.