ArticleThe Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine2019
Quantifying the Protective Effects of Stimulants on Functional Outcomes in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Focus on Number Needed to Treat Statistic and Sex Effects.
Article in The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Growth Trajectories in Stimulant Treated Children and Adolescents: A Qualitative Review of the Literature from Comprehensive Datasets and Registries.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Trial
- Central executive training for ADHD: Impact on organizational skills at home and school. A randomized controlled trial.Neuropsychology · 2023Trial
- Article
- Academic Outcomes in Primary and Secondary School Students Prescribed Long-Acting Stimulants for ADHD Management.Journal of attention disorders · 2026Article
- Observational
- Measurement properties of the Child Behavior Checklist-10: an ultra-brief screening updated in longitudinal cohort.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Does Stimulant Medication Status Moderate the Association Between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Symptoms and Rumination?Journal of attention disorders · 2025Article
- Central executive training for ADHD: Effects on academic achievement, productivity, and success in the classroom.Neuropsychology · 2022Article
- A review of Cochrane reviews on pharmacological treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Dementia & neuropsychologiaArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe aim of the study was to help quantify the protective effects of stimulant treatment on important functional outcomes in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using the number needed to treat (NNT) statistic and examine whether these effects are moderated by sex.
methodsSubjects were derived from three independent samples, two similarly designed case-control, 10-year prospective follow-up studies of boys and girls with and without ADHD grown up and a cross-sectional randomized clinical trial of lisdexamfetamine on driving performance and behavior. For all studies, subjects were evaluated with structured diagnostic interviews. To measure psychopharmacologic treatment in the follow-up studies, we collected information about each subject's stimulant medication use, age at onset, and age at termination of treatment. Subjects in the driving study underwent two driving simulation assessments (premedication and after 6 weeks of treatment on lisdexamfetamine or placebo). For each outcome, we ran a logistic regression model that included an interaction between sex and treatment status. Lifetime rates were used to calculate the NNT statistic. We also calculated adjusted NNT statistics that accounted for sex, age, socioeconomic status, and family intactness.
resultsThe NNTs were very low, ranging from 3 to 10. No interaction effects with sex were detected (all p > .05). The adjusted NNTs mostly remained the same with the exception of any substance use disorder, which increased after controlling for age.
conclusionsStimulants have strong protective effects on functional outcomes in youth with ADHD that are not moderated by sex. These results support the critical importance of early identification and treatment of children with ADHD of both sexes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
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