ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2019
A Protocol for the Ethical Assessment of Wild Animal-Visitor Interactions (AVIP) Evaluating Animal Welfare, Education, and Conservation Outcomes.
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Animal-Visitor Interactions: Where Do We Go from Here?Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- The 'Sanctuary Gap': Reviewing the Research on Captive Wildlife Sanctuary Tourism.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- An E-Delphi study to facilitate animal welfare assessment in Italian zoos and aquaria.PloS one · 2025Article
- High Prevalence of Dysfunctional Animal-Visitor Interactions in 225 Southeast Asian Zoos and Aquariums.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Relationship between Ear Temperature, Behaviour and Stress Hormones in Guinea Pigs (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- An International Investigation of the Prevalence of Negative Visitor Behaviour in the Zoo.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
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- The Animal-Visitor Interaction Protocol (AVIP) for the assessment of Lemur catta walk-in enclosure in zoos.PloS one · 2022Article
- Ethical Analysis of the Application of Assisted Reproduction Technologies in Biodiversity Conservation and the Case of White Rhinoceros (Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Review
- Identification and Evaluation of African Lion (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- An Ethical Framework for the Use of Horses in Competitive Sport: Theory and Function.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- Emotional States of African Elephants (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- Camel Genetic Resources Conservation through Tourism: A Key Sociocultural Approach of Camelback Leisure Riding.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2020Article
- Scientific and Ethical Issues in Exporting Welfare Findings to Different Animal Subpopulations: The Case of Semi-Captive Elephants Involved in Animal-Visitor Interactions (AVI) in South Africa.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2019Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Due to the popularity of wild animal-visitor interactions (AVIs), there is a need for an ethical assessment of their impact on animal welfare, education, and conservation. The protocol presented in this study is designed to evaluate such interactions on an integrated level, using a transparent analysis of all the aspects involved, including all the stakeholders and the potential conflicts of values. The protocol consists of a six-step process encompassing dedicated data acquisition and a specific ethical assessment. When the protocol was applied to assess a "giraffe feeding" interaction, steps devoted to data acquisition found that animal welfare risks were low, and that visitors described giraffes with emotionally linked descriptors more often after the interaction. The net promoter score, which refers to how likely visitors would recommend to a friend to join the animal-visitor interaction, was 74%. The subsequent ethical assessment, which consisted of a comparison of the results of the previous steps with an ethical matrix highlighting the ideal situation for all stakeholders' interests, allowed the overall identification of the ethical concerns entailed by the interaction. A final ethical checklist of the examined AVI had a "yes" in entries regarding animal welfare, emotional, and conservation mindedness outcomes and ethical assessment.
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Registered trials
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