ArticleJournal of breath research2019
Detecting opioid metabolites in exhaled breath condensate (EBC).
Article in Journal of breath research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Vapor pressure measurements on ΔJournal of breath research · 2026Article
- Recent Accomplishments in Exhaled Breath Condensate Analysis - Molecular Aspects.Current molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Impacts of vaping and marijuana use on airway health as determined by exhaled breath condensate (EBC).Respiratory research · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a method for analysis of 25 cannabinoids in oral fluid and exhaled breath condensate.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2024Article
- Cannabinoids detected in exhaled breath condensate after cannabis use.Journal of breath research · 2024Article
- Oxylipin concentration shift in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.Journal of breath research · 2023Article
- THC in breath aerosols collected with an impaction filter device before and after legal-market product inhalation-a pilot study.Journal of breath research · 2023Article
- The Use of Breath Analysis in the Management of Lung Cancer: Is It Ready for Primetime?Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2022Review
- Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical exhaled breath condensate samples for metabolomic analysis.Journal of breath research · 2021Article
- Novel LC-MS-TOF method to detect and quantify ascorbic and uric acid simultaneously in different biological matrices.Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) collection provides a promising matrix for bioanalysis of endogenous biomarkers of health and also for exogenous compounds like drugs. There is little information regarding drugs and their metabolites contained in breath, as well as their pharmacokinetics. In this present work, we use a simple and non-invasive technique to collect EBC from chronic pain patients using different analgesic opioid drugs to manage pain. Six patients received continuous infusion of morphine and hydromorphone intravenously (IV), together with other analgesic drugs (IV and orally). Repeated sampling of serum and EBC was done at two time points separated by 90 min. The EBC was collected using a glass tube surrounded by dry ice, and an ethanol solvent wash of the glass was performed after EBC extraction to retrieve the apolar compounds stuck to the glass surface. All samples were analyzed with liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify possible metabolites present in the sample, and to quantify the drugs being used. Several metabolites, such as normorphine (norM), norhydromorphone (norHM) and dihydromorphone (diHM) were detected in both fractions, while hydromorphone 3-glucuronide (HM 3G) was only detected in the solvent rinse fraction. Results were correlated to explain the pharmacokinetics of the main drugs administered. This pilot study presented promising correlations between drug concentrations in blood and breath at different time points for norM, norHM and HM 3G.
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