ArticlePloS one2019
Artefact-free topography based scleral-asymmetry.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Regional Tear Film Quality Changes Across Eye Gaze Directions Revealed by Spatial Mapping and Threshold Sensitivity Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- FEA-Based Stress-Strain Barometers as Forecasters for Corneal Refractive Power Change in Orthokeratology.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Investigation of the relationship between contact lens design parameters and refractive changes in Ortho-K.Heliyon · 2022Article
- Article
- Effect of Corneal Tilt on the Determination of Asphericity.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Fibril density reduction in keratoconic corneas.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2021Article
- Compressive behaviour of soft contact lenses and its effect on refractive power on the eye and handling off the eye.PloS one · 2021Article
- Anterior Scleral Regional Variation between Asian and Caucasian Populations.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Limbus misrepresentation in parametric eye models.PloS one · 2020Article
- Which feature influences on-eye power change of soft toric contact lenses: Design or corneal shape?PloS one · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo present a three-dimensional non-parametric method for detecting scleral asymmetry using corneoscleral topography data that are free of edge-effect artefacts.
methodsThe study included 88 participants aged 23 to 65 years (37.7±9.7), 47 women and 41 men. The eye topography data were exported from the Eye Surface Profiler software in MATLAB binary data container format then processed by custom built MATLAB codes entirely independent from the profiler software. Scleral asymmetry was determined initially from the unprocessed topography before being determined again after removing the edge-effect noise. Topography data were levelled around the limbus, then edge-effect was eliminated using a robust statistical moving median technique. In addition to comparing raw elevation data, scleral elevation was also compared through fitting a sphere to every single scleral surface and determining the relative elevation from the best-fit sphere reference surface.
resultsWhen considering the averaged raw topography elevation data in the scleral section of the eye at radius 8 mm, the average raw elevations of the right eyes' sclera were -1.5±1.77, -1.87±2.12, -1.36±1.82 and -1.57±1.87 mm. In the left eyes at the same radius the average raw elevations were -1.62±1.78, -1.82±2.07, -1.28±1.76 and -1.68±1.93 mm. While, when considering the average raw elevation of the sclera after removing the edge effect, the average raw elevations of the right eyes were -3.71±0.25, -4.06±0.23, -3.95±0.19 and -3.95±0.23 mm. In the left eyes at the same radius the average raw elevations were -3.71±0.19, -3.97±0.22, -3.96±0.19 and -3.96±0.18 mm in the nasal, temporal, superior and inferior sides respectively. Maximum raw elevation asymmetry in the averaged scleral raw elevation was 1.6647±0.9015 mm in right eyes and 1.0358±0.6842 mm in left eyes, both detected at -38° to the nasal side. Best-fit sphere-based relative elevation showed that sclera is more elevated in three main meridians at angles -40°, 76°, and 170° in right eyes and -40°, 76°, and 170° in left eyes, all measured from the nasal meridian. Maximum recorded relative elevation asymmetries were 0.0844±0.0355 mm and 0.068±0.0607 mm at angular positions 76° and 63.5° for right and left eyes in turn.
conclusionsIt is not possible to use corneoscleral topography data to predict the scleral shape without considering a method of removing the edge-effect from the topography data. The nasal side of the sclera is higher than the temporal side, therefore, rotationally symmetric scleral contact lenses are more likely to be translated towards the temporal side. The scleral shape is best described by levelled raw elevation rather than relative elevation.
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