ArticlePlastic and reconstructive surgery2019
Regeneration of a Pediatric Alveolar Cleft Model Using Three-Dimensionally Printed Bioceramic Scaffolds and Osteogenic Agents: Comparison of Dipyridamole and rhBMP-2.
Article in Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dipyridamole-Coated 3D-Printed β-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffolds: Spectrophotometric Characterization, Drug Release Kinetics, and In Vitro Evaluation to Guide Critical-Sized Bone Defect Repair Studies.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Article
- Cranial Defect Reconstruction With Custom 3D-Printed Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds Augmented With rhBMP-2 or Dipyridamole in a Nonhuman Primate Model.Journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2026Article
- Strategies for Craniofacial Tissue Engineering: Innovations for Scalable Bone Regeneration.Plastic and aesthetic research · 2025Article
- Personalized bioceramic grafts for craniomaxillofacial bone regeneration.International journal of oral science · 2024Review
- Biomimetic Tissue Engineering Strategies for Craniofacial Applications.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Functional Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration: A Comprehensive Review of Materials, Methods, and Future Directions.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2024Review
- Review
- Three-Dimensional Bioprinting: A Comprehensive Review for Applications in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Translational Experimental Basis of Indirect Adenosine Receptor Agonist Stimulation for Bone Regeneration: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- 3D Printing Applications for Craniomaxillofacial Reconstruction: A Sweeping Review.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2023Review
- Bone Tissue Engineering (BTE) of the Craniofacial Skeleton, Part I: Evolution and Optimization of 3D-Printed Scaffolds for Repair of Defects.The Journal of craniofacial surgery · 2023Article
- Engineering 3D Printed Bioceramic Scaffolds to Reconstruct Critical-Sized Calvaria Defects in a Skeletally Immature Pig Model.Plastic and reconstructive surgery · 2023Article
- Three-Dimensional Printing Bioceramic Scaffolds Using Direct-Ink-Writing for Craniomaxillofacial Bone Regeneration.Tissue engineering. Part C, Methods · 2023Review
- Employing Indirect Adenosine 2Journal of functional biomaterials · 2023Article
- 3D-Printed Hydroxyapatite and Tricalcium Phosphates-Based Scaffolds for Alveolar Bone Regeneration in Animal Models: A Scoping Review.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Three-Dimensional Printing for Craniofacial Bone Tissue Engineering.Tissue engineering. Part A · 2020Review
- Dipyridamole-loaded 3D-printed bioceramic scaffolds stimulate pediatric bone regeneration in vivo without disruption of craniofacial growth through facial maturity.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Recent update on craniofacial tissue engineering.Journal of tissue engineeringReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlveolar clefts are traditionally treated with secondary bone grafting, but this is associated with morbidity and graft resorption. Although recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) is under investigation for alveolar cleft repair, safety concerns remain. Dipyridamole is an adenosine receptor indirect agonist with known osteogenic potential. This study compared dipyridamole to rhBMP-2 at alveolar cleft defects delivered using bioceramic scaffolds.
methodsSkeletally immature New Zealand White rabbits underwent unilateral, 3.5 × 3.5-mm alveolar resection adjacent to the growing suture. Five served as negative controls. The remaining defects were reconstructed with three-dimensionally printed bioceramic scaffolds coated with 1000 μm of dipyridamole (n = 6), 10,000 μm of dipyridamole (n = 7), or 0.2 mg/ml of rhBMP-2 (n = 5). At 8 weeks, new bone was quantified. Nondecalcified histologic evaluation was performed, and new bone was evaluated mechanically. Statistical analysis was performed using a generalized linear mixed model and the Wilcoxon rank sum test.
resultsNegative controls did not heal, whereas new bone formation bridged all three-dimensionally printed bioceramic treatment groups. The 1000-μm dipyridamole scaffolds regenerated 28.03 ± 7.38 percent, 10,000-μm dipyridamole scaffolds regenerated 36.18 ± 6.83 percent (1000 μm versus 10,000 μm dipyridamole; p = 0.104), and rhBMP-2-coated scaffolds regenerated 37.17 ± 16.69 percent bone (p = 0.124 versus 1000 μm dipyridamole, and p = 0.938 versus 10,000 μm dipyridamole). On histology/electron microscopy, no changes in suture biology were evident for dipyridamole, whereas rhBMP-2 demonstrated early signs of suture fusion. Healing was highly cellular and vascularized across all groups. No statistical differences in mechanical properties were observed between either dipyridamole or rhBMP-2 compared with native bone.
conclusionDipyridamole generates new bone without osteolysis and early suture fusion associated with rhBMP-2 in skeletally immature bone defects.
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