ArticlePediatric obesity2019
Unintentional error in formula preparation and its simulated impact on infant weight and adiposity.
Article in Pediatric obesity, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Modifications to Infant Formula Instructions Improve the Accuracy of Formula Dispensing.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- Socioeconomic status and psychosocial or contextual factors related to the use of infant formula and follow-up milk: a survey among Japanese mothers.BMC nutrition · 2026Article
- Accuracy in Measurement of Infant Formula Powder and Water by Caregivers With and Without a Crying Baby Present.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Early Life Energy Balance: The Development of Infant Energy Expenditure and Intake in the Context of Obesity.Current obesity reports · 2024Review
- Tailored recommendations for infant milk formula intake results in more accurate feeding.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Perspective: Supporting Maternal Efforts to Provide Optimal Infant Nutrition in the Post-Partum Setting.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Article
- Variability and error in measurement of infant formula powder and water: an experimental study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- New frontiers in the measurement of energy metabolism.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Article
- Some Japanese mothers do not follow package instructions of infant formula: a web-based analytical cross-sectional study.BMC nutrition · 2022Article
- Early weight gain influences duration of breast feeding: prospective cohort study.Archives of disease in childhood · 2022Article
- Energy- and protein-enriched formula improves weight gain in infants with malnutrition due to cardiac and noncardiac etiologies.JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition · 2022Article
- Low-Protein Infant Formula and Obesity Risk.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAccelerated weight gain in infancy is a public health issue and is likely due to feeding behaviours.
objectivesTo test the accuracy of individuals to dispense infant formula as compared with recommended serving sizes and to estimate the effect of dispensing inaccuracy on infant growth.
methodsFifty-three adults dispensed infant formula powder for three servings of 2, 4, 6, and 8 fl oz bottles, in random order. The weight of dispensed infant formula powder was compared with the recommended serving size weight on the nutrition label. A novel mathematical model was used to estimate the impact of formula dispensing on infant weight and adiposity.
resultsNineteen percent of bottles (20 of 636) prepared contained the recommended amount of infant formula powder. Three percent were underdispensed, and 78% of bottles were overdispensed, resulting in 11% additional infant formula powder. Mathematical modelling feeding 11% above energy requirements exclusively for 6 months for male and female infants suggested infants at the 50th percentile for weight at birth would reach the 75th percentile with increased adiposity by 6 months.
conclusionsInaccurate measurement of infant formula powder and overdispensing, which is highly prevalent, specifically, may contribute to rapid weight gain and increased adiposity in formula-fed infants.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.