Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31345978›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2019

Patterns of opioid use (codeine, morphine or meperidine) in the Canadian population over time: analysis of the Longitudinal National Population Health Survey 1994-2011.

Mayilee Canizares, J Denise Power, Y Raja Rampersaud, Elizabeth M Badley

Open access · goldAbstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
1.1field-weighted citation impact, top 20% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Mayilee CanizaresArthritis Program, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
J Denise PowerArthritis Program, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Y Raja RampersaudArthritis Program, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Elizabeth M BadleyArthritis Community Research and Evaluation Unit, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Krembil Research InstituteUniversity Health Network · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study aimed to investigate cohort effects in selected opioids use and determine whether cohort differences were associated with changes in risk factors for use over time.

designThis study presents secondary analyses of a longitudinal survey panel of the general population that collected data biannually.

settingData from the Canadian Longitudinal National Population Health Survey 1994-2011. POPULATION: This study included 12 542 participants from the following birth cohorts: post-World War I (born 1915-1924), pre-World War II (born 1925-1934), World War II (born 1935-1944), Older Baby Boom (born 1945-1954), Younger Baby Boom (born 1955-1964), Older Generation X (born 1965-1974) and Younger Generation X (born 1975-1984). MAIN OUTCOME: Responses to a single question asking about the use of codeine, morphine or meperidine in the past month (yes/no) were examined.

resultsOver and above age and period effects, there were significant cohort differences in selected opioids use: each succeeding recent cohort had greater use than their predecessors (eg, Gen Xers had greater use than younger baby boomers). Selected opioids use increased significantly from 1994 to 2002, plateauing between 2002 and 2006 and then declining until 2011. After accounting for cohort and period effects, there was a decline in use of these opioids with increasing age. Although pain was significantly associated with greater selected opioids use (OR=3.63, 95% CI 3.39 to 3.94), pain did not explain cohort differences. Cohort and period effects were no longer significant after adjusting for the number of chronic conditions. Cohort differences in selected opioids use mirrored cohort differences in multimorbidity. Use of these opioids was significantly associated with taking antidepressants or tranquillisers (OR=2.52, 95% CI 2.27 to 2.81 and OR=1.60, 95% CI 1.46 to 1.75, respectively).

conclusionsThe findings underscore the need to consider multimorbidity including possible psychological disorders and associated medications when prescribing opioids (codeine, morphine, meperidine), particularly for recent birth cohorts. Continued efforts to monitor prescription patterns and develop specific opioid use guidelines for multimorbidity appear warranted.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAgedAnalgesics, OpioidCanadaChildChronic DiseaseCodeineFemaleHealth SurveysHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMeperidineMiddle AgedMorphineAnalgesics, OpioidCodeineMeperidineMorphineage-period-cohortantidepressantsmultimorbidityopioid use

Identifiers

PMID31345978
PMCPMC6661673
OpenAlexW2963845700

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.