ArticleSchizophrenia research2019
Maternal cortisol during pregnancy and offspring schizophrenia: Influence of fetal sex and timing of exposure.
Article in Schizophrenia research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Measurement of Hair Cortisol Throughout Gestation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Synergistic pathways to psychosis: understanding developmental risk and resilience factors.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Epiphenomena in psychosis: how perinatal stressful events shape long-term outcomes.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Review
- The interaction of second trimester prenatal maternal inflammation and psychosocial stress on offspring depressive symptoms in adolescence.Brain behavior and immunity integrative · 2024Article
- Maternal stress during pregnancy alters circulating small extracellular vesicles and enhances their targeting to the placenta and fetus.Biological research · 2024Article
- Exploring causal mechanisms of psychosis risk.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2024Review
- Review of Major Social Determinants of Health in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Psychotic Disorders: III. Biology.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2023Article
- The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Men with Schizophrenia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Ethnoracial Variation in Risk for Psychotic Experiences.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2023Article
- Environmental Risk Factors and Cognitive Outcomes in Psychosis: Pre-, Perinatal, and Early Life Adversity.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2023Review
- Impact of stress on inhibitory neuronal circuits, our tribute to Bruce McEwen.Neurobiology of stress · 2022Article
- Developmental influences on symptom expression in antipsychotic-naïve first-episode psychosis.Psychological medicine · 2022Article
- The effect of early life events on glucose levels in first-episode psychosis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- From Womb to Neighborhood: A Racial Analysis of Social Determinants of Psychosis in the United States.The American journal of psychiatry · 2021Review
- Becoming Stressed: Does the Age Matter? Reviewing the Neurobiological and Socio-Affective Effects of Stress throughout the Lifespan.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Deviant cortical sulcation related to schizophrenia and cognitive deficits in the second trimester.Translational neuroscience · 2020Article
- Prenatal Maternal Stress and the Cascade of Risk to Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders in Offspring.Current psychiatry reports · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionMaternal stress during pregnancy has been repeatedly linked to increased risk for schizophrenia; however, no study has examined maternal cortisol during pregnancy and risk for the disorder. Study aims were to determine whether prenatal cortisol was associated with risk for schizophrenia and risk for an intermediate phenotype-decreased fetal growth-previously linked to prenatal cortisol and schizophrenia. Timing of exposure and fetal sex also were examined given previous findings.
methodsParticipants were 64 cases diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) and 117 controls from a prospective birth cohort study. Maternal cortisol was determined from stored sera from each trimester and psychiatric diagnoses were assessed from offspring using semi-structured interviews and medical records review.
resultsMaternal cortisol during pregnancy was not associated with risk for offspring schizophrenia. There was a significant interaction between 3rd trimester cortisol and case status on fetal growth. Specifically, cases exposed to higher 3rd trimester maternal cortisol had significantly decreased fetal growth compared to controls. In addition, these findings were restricted to male offspring.
conclusionsOur results indicate that higher prenatal cortisol is associated with an intermediate phenotype linked to schizophrenia, fetal growth, but only among male offspring who developed schizophrenia. Findings were consistent with evidence that schizophrenia genes may disrupt placental functioning specifically for male fetuses, as well as findings that males are more vulnerable to maternal cortisol during pregnancy. Finally, results suggest that examining fetal sex and intermediate phenotypes may be important in understanding the mechanisms involved in prenatal contributors to schizophrenia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.