ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2019
WIC Participation and Breastfeeding after the 2009 WIC Revision: A Propensity Score Approach.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of breastfeeding interventions among United States minority women on breastfeeding outcomes: a systematic review.International journal for equity in health · 2021Pooled it
- Patterns and Predictors of Breast Milk Feeding from Birth to Age 4 Months among Primiparous African American Mother-Infant Dyads.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Food delivery services for enhancing participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) in the United States: bridging the WIC-eligible access gap.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Association Between Breastfeeding Intensity and Mammary Gland Involution Markers in Early Postpartum Among Women from Low-Income Households.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- A Quasi-Experimental Assessment of the Effect of the 2009 WIC Food Package Revisions on Breastfeeding Outcomes.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Perinatal Hospital Practices Are Associated with Breastfeeding through 5 Months Postpartum among Women and Infants from Low-Income Households.The Journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- Effects of the revised WIC food package on women's and children's health: a quasi-experimental study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Article
- WIC benefits and evaluation challenges.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2022Article
- The effect of the 2009 WIC revision on maternal and child health: A quasi-experimental study.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2022Article
- A Critical Review on the Complex Interplay between Social Determinants of Health and Maternal and Infant Mortality.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- WIC Participation and Dietary Quality among US Children: Impact of the 2009 Food Package Revision.Journal of hunger & environmental nutrition · 2022Article
- Revisiting the Relationship between WIC Participation and Breastfeeding among Low-Income Children in the U.S. after the 2009 WIC Food Package Revision.Food policy · 2021Article
- Article
- Associations between Governmental Policies to Improve the Nutritional Quality of Supermarket Purchases and Individual, Retailer, and Community Health Outcomes: An Integrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In this study, we examined the association between participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) and breastfeeding outcomes before and after the 2009 revisions. Four-thousand-three-hundred-and-eight WIC-eligible children younger than 60 months were included from the 2005-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We compared two birth cohorts with regard to their associations between WIC participation and being ever-breastfed and breastfed at 6 months. We estimated the average effect of the treatment for the treated to assess the causal effect of WIC participation on breastfeeding based on propensity score matching. The results showed that WIC-eligible participating children born between 2000 and 2008 were significantly less likely than WIC-eligible nonparticipating children to ever receive breastfeeding (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.