ArticleNeuroImage2019
Distinctions among real and apparent respiratory motions in human fMRI data.
Article in NeuroImage, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers.
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Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed.
- The State of Motion: Demographic and Representational Consequences of Motion-Based Exclusion in FMRI.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Brain network dynamics reflect psychiatric illness status and transdiagnostic symptom profiles across health and disease.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Supervised Domain Adaptation Mitigates Cross-Ethnicity Prediction Error in Neuroimaging-Based Cognitive Prediction.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- "Dense Amygdala": Extensive Complex-valued Functional MRI of the Ventral and Medial Temporal Lobe during Passive Movie Watching in Three Individuals.Scientific data · 2026Article
- Improving respiratory and heart rate variation estimation from resting-state BOLD fMRI across the lifespan using a functionally informed, tissue-aware deep learning framework.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Temporal and spatial characterization of physiological noise in rs-fMRI at a high temporal resolution.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Auditory and Visual Thalamocortical Connectivity Alterations in Unmedicated People With Schizophrenia: An Individualized Sensory Thalamic Localization and Resting-State Functional Connectivity Study.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2025Article
- Social inference brain networks in autistic adults during movie-viewing: functional specialization and heterogeneity.Molecular autism · 2025Article
- The effects of sex and age on movie-watching functional connectivity and movie clip classification.Brain structure & function · 2025Article
- Physiological Confounds in BOLD-fMRI and Their Correction.NMR in biomedicine · 2025Review
- Transdiagnostic Symptom Domains Have Distinct Patterns of Association With Head Motion During Multimodal Imaging in Children.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025Article
- The Transdiagnostic Connectome Project: an open dataset for studying brain-behavior relationships in psychiatry.Scientific data · 2025Article
- Autonomic physiological coupling of the global fMRI signal.Nature neuroscience · 2025Article
- Evaluating the effects of volume censoring on fetal functional connectivity.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Machine learning-based estimation of respiratory fluctuations in a healthy adult population using resting state BOLD fMRI and head motion parameters.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- The efficacy of resting-state fMRI denoising pipelines for motion correction and behavioural prediction.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Generalizable and replicable brain-based predictions of cognitive functioning across common psychiatric illness.Science advances · 2024Article
- Characterization and Mitigation of a Simultaneous Multi-Slice fMRI Artifact: Multiband Artifact Regression in Simultaneous Slices.Human brain mapping · 2024Article
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Head motion estimates in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans appear qualitatively different with sub-second image sampling rates compared to the multi-second sampling rates common in the past. Whereas formerly the head appeared still for much of a scan with brief excursions from baseline, the head now appears to be in constant motion, and motion estimates often seem to divulge little information about what is happening in a scan. This constant motion has been attributed to respiratory oscillations that do not alias at faster sampling rates, and investigators are divided on the extent to which such motion is "real" motion or only "apparent" pseudomotion. Some investigators have abandoned the use of motion estimates entirely due to these considerations. Here we investigate the properties of motion in several fMRI datasets sampled at rates between 720 and 1160 ms, and describe 5 distinct kinds of respiratory motion: 1) constant real respiratory motion in the form of head nodding most evident in vertical position and pitch, which can be very large; 2) constant pseudomotion at the same respiratory rate as real motion, occurring only in the phase encode direction; 3) punctate real motions occurring at times of very deep breaths; 4) a low-frequency pseudomotion in only the phase encode direction at and after very deep breaths; 5) slow modulation of vertical and anterior-posterior head position by the respiratory envelope. We reformulate motion estimates in light of these considerations and obtain good concordance between motion estimates, physiologic records, image quality measures, and events evident in the fMRI signals. We demonstrate how variables describing respiration or body habitus separately scale with distinct kinds of head motion. We also note heritable aspects of respiration and motion.
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