Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31344229›Full record

ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2020

Projected Population Benefit of Increased Effectiveness and Coverage of Influenza Vaccination on Influenza Burden in the United States.

Michelle M Hughes, Carrie Reed, Brendan Flannery, Shikha Garg, James A Singleton, Alicia M Fry, Melissa A Rolfes

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed
6.5field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

34 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.

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  4. Estimated impact of 2022-2023 influenza vaccines on annual hospital burden in the United States.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
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  18. Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccine for Preventing Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza Hospitalizations in Immunocompromised Adults.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Michelle M HughesInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Carrie ReedInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Brendan FlanneryInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Shikha GargInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
James A SingletonImmunization Services Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Alicia M FryInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Melissa A RolfesInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention · US

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundVaccination is the best way to prevent influenza; however, greater benefits could be achieved. To help guide research and policy agendas, we aimed to quantify the magnitude of influenza disease that would be prevented through targeted increases in vaccine effectiveness (VE) or vaccine coverage (VC).

methodsFor 3 influenza seasons (2011-12, 2015-16, and 2017-18), we used a mathematical model to estimate the number of prevented influenza-associated illnesses, medically attended illnesses, and hospitalizations across 5 age groups. Compared with estimates of prevented illness during each season, given observed VE and VC, we explored the number of additional outcomes that would have been prevented from a 5% absolute increase in VE or VC or from achieving 60% VE or 70% VC.

resultsDuring the 2017-18 season, compared with the burden already prevented by influenza vaccination, a 5% absolute VE increase would have prevented an additional 1 050 000 illnesses and 25 000 hospitalizations (76% among those aged ≥65 years), while achieving 60% VE would have prevented an additional 190 000 hospitalizations. A 5% VC increase would have resulted in 785 000 fewer illnesses (56% among those aged 18-64 years) and 11 000 fewer hospitalizations; reaching 70% would have prevented an additional 39 000 hospitalizations.

conclusionsSmall, attainable improvements in effectiveness or VC of the influenza vaccine could lead to substantial additional reductions in the influenza burden in the United States. Improvements in VE would have the greatest impact in reducing hospitalizations in adults aged ≥65 years, and VC improvements would have the largest benefit in reducing illnesses in adults aged 18-49 years.

Indexed as

Influenza, HumanInfluenza VaccinesAdolescentAdultHospitalizationHumansMiddle AgedSeasonsUnited StatesVaccinationYoung AdultInfluenza Vaccinesburdenimmunizationinfluenzamathematical model

Identifiers

PMID31344229
PMCPMC6980871
OpenAlexW2963971396

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.