SynthesisPloS one2019
Prevalence of tobacco use in healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 114 citations in OpenAlex.
- Behavioral Interventions for Tobacco Cessation in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Lifestyle Health Promotion Interventions for Nurses: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Pooled it
- Impact of the EILA application on smoking cessation among hospital workers: a randomised controlled trial.Occupational and environmental medicine · 2026Trial
- Article
- Prevalence of tobacco product use and associated factors among healthcare workers in Trabzon, Türkiye: A cross-sectional study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Prevalence of hypertension and associated factors among nurses working in private and public tertiary hospitals in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Effect of brief smoking cessation online training on knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and organizational factors in European health professions students: A pre-post study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Prevalence of smoking, occupational stress level, and associated factors among nursing faculty members in Palestine: a multicenter nationwide survey.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Implementation and Adherence of a Custom Mobile Application for Anonymous Bidirectional Communication Among Nearly 4000 Participants: Insights from the Longitudinal RisCoin Study.Infectious disease reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Substance use among Indian Physicians: A narrative review.Indian journal of psychiatry · 2025Review
- Mortality Risks of U.S. Healthcare Workers.American journal of preventive medicine · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of Physical Activity-Led Workplace Health Promotion Interventions: A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Practice patterns, experiences, and challenges of German oncology health care staff with smoking cessation in patients with cancer: a cross-sectional survey study.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2025Article
- The impact of smoked cigarettes' type on the level of reactive oxygen species in physicians with surgical and non-surgical specialization.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Body Fat and Visceral Fat Values in Spanish Healthcare Workers: Associated Variables.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Usage, knowledge and attitudes towards electronic cigarettes use among nursing students in Croatia: a cross-sectional study.BMC nursing · 2025Article
- Smoking Among Healthcare Professionals in Australia: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Comparative Analysis of Smoking Awareness Among Nursing Students and Professionals in Spain.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2025Article
- Substance use among healthcare professionals: A cross-sectional study in Kenya.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo estimate tobacco use prevalence in healthcare workers (HCW) by country income level, occupation and sex, and compare the estimates with the prevalence in the general population.
methodsWe systematically searched five databases; Medline, EMBASE, CINHAL Plus, CAB Abstracts, and LILACS for original studies published between 2000 and March 2016 without language restriction. All primary studies that reported tobacco use in any category of HCW were included. Study extraction and quality assessment were conducted independently by three reviewers, using a standardised data extraction and quality appraisal form. We performed random effect meta-analyses to obtain prevalence estimates by World Bank (WB) country income level, sex, and occupation. Data on prevalence of tobacco use in the general population were obtained from the World Health Organisation (WHO) Global Health Observatory website. The review protocol registration number on PROSPERO is CRD42016041231.
results229 studies met our inclusion criteria, representing 457,415 HCW and 63 countries: 29 high-income countries (HIC), 21 upper-middle-income countries (UMIC), and 13 lower-middle-and-low-income countries (LMLIC). The overall pooled prevalence of tobacco use in HCW was 21%, 31% in males and 17% in females. Highest estimates were in male doctors in UMIC and LMLIC, 35% and 45%, and female nurses in HIC and UMIC, 21% and 25%. Heterogeneity was high (I2 > 90%). Country level comparison suggest that in HIC male HCW tend to have lower prevalence compared with males in the general population while in females the estimates were similar. Male and female HCW in UMIC and LMLIC tend to have similar or higher prevalence rates relative to their counterparts in the general population.
conclusionsHCW continue to use tobacco at high rates. Tackling HCW tobacco use requires urgent action as they are at the front line for tackling tobacco use in their patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.