ArticlePloS one2019
Gazing at facial features increases dissociation and decreases attractiveness ratings in non-clinical females - A potential explanation for a common ritual in body dysmorphic disorder.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Short-term functions and long-term consequences of body checking as a transdiagnostic phenomenon across eating disorders, body dysmorphic disorder, and illness anxiety disorder: a systematic review.Journal of eating disorders · 2025Review
- Advancing Psychosocial Treatment for Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A State-of-the-Science Review.Behavior therapy · 2024Review
- Exploring the Intersection of Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) and Dermatological Conditions: A Narrative Review.Dermatology and therapy · 2024Review
- A conceptual framework on body representations and their relevance for mental disorders.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Review
- "If only he were blind": Shame, trauma, and dissociation among women with body dysmorphic disorder in physically intimate relationships.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2022Article
- An empirically derived recommendation for the classification of body dysmorphic disorder: Findings from structural equation modeling.PloS one · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rituals, such as gazing at faces, are common in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and appear in cognitive-behavioral models as a maintaining factor. Rituals are also common in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). In contrast to OCD, the proposed associations between rituals and intrusive thoughts/appearance preoccupation have not been empirically investigated for BDD. We examined if the assumed effect of gazing rituals on attractiveness ratings exists and if it is associated with dissociation. In an experiment, we asked N = 65 non-clinical females to focus on the nose of a photographed face at pre- and post-test. In between, participants gazed at the nose of either the same (relevant gazing) or another face (irrelevant gazing). We found increasing dissociation after gazing in both conditions and a differentially stronger decrease of attractiveness ratings in the relevant gazing condition. Our findings support the hypothesized effect of gazing rituals on attractiveness evaluation in cognitive-behavioral models for BDD.
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