ArticlePloS one2019
Spatial summation of individual cones in human color vision.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Local variations in L/M ratio influence the detection and color naming of small spots.Journal of vision · 2025Article
- Local variations in L/M ratio influence the detection and color naming of small spots.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Novel color via stimulation of individual photoreceptors at population scale.Science advances · 2025Article
- High-fidelity light-field display with enhanced information utilization by modulating chrominance and luminance separately.Light, science & applications · 2025Article
- Perceptibility and Acceptability Thresholds for Color Differences in Ceramic Shade Tabs: A Comparison Between Dentists and Patients.Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry · 2024Article
- Unique yellow shifts for small and brief stimuli in the central retina.Journal of vision · 2024Article
- Alignment, calibration, and validation of an adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope for high-resolution human foveal imaging.Applied optics · 2024Article
- Evaluation of mesenchymal stem cells as anFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- Reliability of the color measurement of resin composites using images obtained using a stereoscopic loupe.Brazilian oral research · 2024Article
- Polymer Color Intelligence: Effect of Materials, Instruments, and Measurement Techniques - A Review.ACS omega · 2023Review
- It's not easy seeing green: The veridical perception of small spots.Journal of vision · 2023Article
- Comparative connectomics reveals noncanonical wiring for color vision in human foveal retina.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Expanding the phenotype ofFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Article
- Retinal imaging using adaptive optics optical coherence tomography with fast and accurate real-time tracking.Biomedical optics express · 2022Article
- Article
- ON and OFF Signaling Pathways in the Retina and the Visual System.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Looking for In Vitro Models for Retinal Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Persistent Dark Cones in Oligocone Trichromacy Revealed by Multimodal Adaptive Optics Ophthalmoscopy.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The human retina contains three classes of cone photoreceptors each sensitive to different portions of the visual spectrum: long (L), medium (M) and short (S) wavelengths. Color information is computed by downstream neurons that compare relative activity across the three cone types. How cone signals are combined at a cellular scale has been more difficult to resolve. This is especially true near the fovea, where spectrally-opponent neurons in the parvocellular pathway draw excitatory input from a single cone and thus even the smallest stimulus projected through natural optics will engage multiple color-signaling neurons. We used an adaptive optics microstimulator to target individual and pairs of cones with light. Consistent with prior work, we found that color percepts elicited from individual cones were predicted by their spectral sensitivity, although there was considerable variability even between cones within the same spectral class. The appearance of spots targeted at two cones were predicted by an average of their individual activations. However, two cones of the same subclass elicited percepts that were systematically more saturated than predicted by an average. Together, these observations suggest both spectral opponency and prior experience influence the appearance of small spots.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.