ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2019
STING activation reprograms tumor vasculatures and synergizes with VEGFR2 blockade.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 193 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
193 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 297 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bridging Radiotherapy to Immunotherapy: The IFN-JAK-STAT Axis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- CD8⁺ T Cell infiltration and spatial organization in cancer: mechanisms, barriers, and therapeutic strategies.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Electroporation-primed cascade nanocatalysis boosts STING-driven chemoimmunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- STING agonist profiling by nucleotide library defines structural determinants of cyclic dinucleotide recognition.iScience · 2026Article
- cGAS-STING pathway activation drives the cold-to-hot tumor transition and sensitizes immunotherapy.Cancer biology & medicine · 2026Review
- The cGAS/STING pathway in cancer: translating innate DNA sensing into therapeutic potential.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Targeted nanoparticles with triggered lysosomal escape enable anti-angiogenic immunotherapy for peritoneal metastatic colorectal cancer.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Article
- Context-dependent actions of STING pathway in colitis and associated colon cancer.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- Tailoring Vascular-Immune Homeostasis via Manganese-DNA Complex-Armed Immunogenic Extracellular Vesicles for Pancreatic Cancer Immunotherapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Stimulator of interferon genes agonist augmented antitumor immunity of osimertinib in Egfr-mutated lung cancer.Molecular oncology · 2026Article
- An epigenetic switch in vascular phenotype augments anti-tumor immunity.Angiogenesis · 2026Article
- The cGAS-STING pathway in cancer: friend or foe.Cell death & disease · 2026Review
- C5aR1 and cGAS/STING and their possible involvement in radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer.iScience · 2026Review
- An atlas of cGAS-STING signaling in pathophysiological angiogenesis and retinal vascular homeostasis across species.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Calibrating the RT-cGAS-STING axis to drive cold-to-hot tumor transformation: mechanistic foundations and translational strategies for combination with immunotherapy.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Simultaneous detection of lymphocytes and tumor cellsNanoscale horizons · 2026Article
- Targeted Delivery of a Potent STING Agonist Payload via an Antibody-Drug Conjugate Drives Robust Antitumor Activity in Preclinical Models.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2026Article
- Immune-related adverse events in hepatocellular carcinoma: organ-specific patterns and management approaches.Journal of liver cancer · 2026Review
- Activation of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) by telatinib induce antitumor activity.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Cell-type specific activation of the cGAS-STING pathway in tumor immunotherapy: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
133 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway is a critical link between innate and adaptive immunity, and induces anti-tumor immune responses. STING is expressed in vasculatures, but its role in tumor angiogenesis has not been elucidated. Here we investigated STING-induced tumor vascular remodeling and the potential of STING-based combination immunotherapy. Endothelial STING expression was correlated with enhanced T-cell infiltration and prolonged survival in human colon and breast cancer. Intratumoral STING activation with STING agonists (cGAMP or RR-CDA) normalized tumor vasculatures in implanted and spontaneous cancers, but not in STING-deficient mice. These were mediated by upregulation of type I/II interferon genes and vascular stabilizing genes (e.g., Angpt1, Pdgfrb, and Col4a). STING in non-hematopoietic cells is as important as STING in hematopoietic cells to induce a maximal therapeutic efficacy of exogenous STING agonist. Vascular normalizing effects of STING agonists were dependent on type I interferon signaling and CD8+ T cells. Notably, STING-based immunotherapy was maximally effective when combined with VEGFR2 blockade and/or immune checkpoint blockade (αPD-1 or αCTLA-4), leading to complete regression of immunotherapy-resistant tumors. Our data show that intratumoral STING activation can normalize tumor vasculature and the tumor microenvironment, providing a rationale for combining STING-based immunotherapy and anti-angiogenic therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.