ReviewObstetrical & gynecological survey2019
Marijuana Use in Pregnancy: A Review.
Review in Obstetrical & gynecological survey, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinician responses to cannabis use during pregnancy and lactation: a systematic review and integrative mixed-methods research synthesis.Family practice · 2022Pooled it
- Pregnant People's Perspectives On Cannabis Use During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Integrative Mixed-Methods Research Synthesis.Journal of midwifery & women's health · 2022Pooled it
- Characterizing Online Questions and Answers About Cannabis Use and Pregnancy on the Social Media Platform Quora: Data Mining and Qualitative Content Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Perceived Safety of Cannabis Use During Pregnancy and Changes in Perception over Time (2017-2021): A National Survey of US Adults.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- Volatile Organic Compound Metabolites Are Found in the Urine of Breastfed Infants Whose Mothers Use Cannabis: The Lactation and Cannabis (LAC) Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Co-exposure to cannabinoids and nicotine increases senescence in prenatal human lung development.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Pregnancy and postpartum cannabis and alcohol use among people with HIV in the United States.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Prenatal cannabis use is associated with altered miRNA and protein expression in the developing human brain.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Age-Related Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids on Brain and Behavior.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2026Review
- Special issue: The harms and benefits of cannabis and cannabinoids in women and men and effects on their progeny.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Article
- Prenatal Cannabis Exposure Shaping Altered Brain Connectivity: Neural Correlates of Cognitive and Mental Health Variability in Offspring.Research square · 2026Article
- Investigating Links Between Prenatal Cannabis Exposure and Brain Development Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques: A Narrative Review.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Review
- Child Behavioral Scores Correlate With Prenatal Tobacco and Marijuana Exposure, Sociodemographic Variables and Interactions of Default Mode and Dorsal Attention Networks.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Talking to Your Patients About Alcohol, Marijuana, and Substance Use During Pregnancy.The primary care companion for CNS disorders · 2025Article
- Meta-analysis of maternal and neonatal outcomes of cannabis use in pregnancy current to March 2024.Maternal health, neonatology and perinatology · 2025Review
- Predictors of perinatal cannabis use in colorado and the association with depression during pregnancy.Archives of women's mental health · 2025Article
- Exploring Natural Analgesics for Chronic Pain Management: Cannabinoids and other Phytoconstituents.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Risk thresholds for the frequency of cannabis use during pregnancy and adverse neonatal outcomes: protocol for a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2024Article
- Reduced fetal cerebral blood flow predicts perinatal mortality in a mouse model of prenatal alcohol and cannabinoid exposure.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- Perceptions and Prevalence of Cannabis Use in Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease of Reproductive Age: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
importanceMarijuana is the most commonly used dependent substance in pregnancy. The main active chemical of marijuana (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol [THC]) readily crosses the placenta, and cannabinoid receptors have been identified in fetal brain and placenta. As a result, prenatal marijuana use could potentially have detrimental impact on fetal development.
objectiveThis review aims to summarize the existing literature and current recommendations for marijuana use while pregnant or lactating. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A PubMed literature search using the following terms was performed to gather relevant data: "cannabis," "cannabinoids," "marijuana," "fetal outcomes," "perinatal outcomes," "pregnancy," "lactation."
resultsAvailable studies on marijuana exposure in pregnancy were reviewed and support some degree of developmental disruption, including an increased risk of fetal growth restriction and adverse neurodevelopmental consequences. However, much of the existing prenatal marijuana research was performed in the 1980s, when quantities of THC were lower and the frequency of use was less. Additionally, most human studies are also limited and conflicting as most studies have been observational or retrospective, relying primarily on patient self-report and confounded by polysubstance abuse and small sample sizes, precluding determination of a causal effect specific for marijuana. Given the paucity of evidence, it is currently recommended to avoid using marijuana while pregnant or when breastfeeding. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: There is a critical need for research on effects in pregnancy using present-day THC doses. Once the adverse perinatal effects of marijuana exposure are identified and well characterized, patient education and antenatal surveillance can be developed to predict and mitigate its impact on maternal and fetal health.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.