ArticleThe American journal of gastroenterology2019
Gluten Intake in Early Childhood and Risk of Celiac Disease in Childhood: A Nationwide Cohort Study.
Article in The American journal of gastroenterology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Plasma Alkylresorcinols Is an Objective Biomarker for Gluten Intake in Young Children.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Trial
- Unraveling the Complexity of Celiac Disease: A Narrative Review of Its Multisystem Nature.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Non-Host Factors Influencing Onset and Severity of Celiac Disease.Gastroenterology · 2024Review
- Coeliac disease: what can we learn from prospective studies about disease risk?The Lancet. Child & adolescent health · 2024Review
- From an understanding of etiopathogenesis to novel therapies-what is new in the treatment of celiac disease?Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Associations of dietary patterns between age 9 and 24 months with risk of celiac disease autoimmunity and celiac disease among children at increased risk.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Article
- Advances in Understanding the Human Gut Microbiota and Its Implication in Pediatric Celiac Disease-A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Antibody Profile, Gene Expression and Serum Cytokines in At-Risk Infants before the Onset of Celiac Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Intervention strategies in early childhood to prevent celiac disease-a mini-review.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Sources of dietary gluten in the first 2 years of life and associations with celiac disease autoimmunity and celiac disease in Swedish genetically predisposed children: The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Article
- Review article: Becoming and being coeliac-special considerations for childhood, adolescence and beyond.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2022Review
- Review on pediatric coeliac disease from a clinical perspective.European journal of pediatrics · 2022Review
- Gluten consumption and inflammation affect the development of celiac disease in at-risk children.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Why are western diet and western lifestyle pro-inflammatory risk factors of celiac disease?Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Review
- Maternal food consumption during late pregnancy and offspring risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2021Observational
- Long-term Intake of Gluten and Cognitive Function Among US Women.JAMA network open · 2021Article
- Can Celiac Disease Be Prevented?Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Review
- The Role of Early Programming and Early Nutrition on the Development and Progression of Celiac Disease: A Review.Nutrients · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesCeliac disease (CD) may occur in genetically predisposed individuals exposed to gluten, but it is unclear whether the amount of gluten influences the risk of disease. We aimed at determining whether the amount of gluten intake at age 18 months predicted later risk of CD.
methodsIn an observational nationwide cohort study, the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), we included 67,608 children born during 2000-2009 and followed up for a mean of 11.5 years (range 7.5-15.5) after exclusions for missing data. Information regarding CD diagnosis was obtained from the Norwegian Patient Register 2008-2016 and from parental questionnaires at child age 7 and 8 years. We estimated gluten intake at age 18 months from a prospectively collected parental questionnaire.
resultsCD was diagnosed in 738 children (1.1%, 62% girls). The mean estimated amount of gluten in the diet at 18 months was 8.8 g/d (SD 3.6). The adjusted relative risk of CD was 1.10 (95% confidence interval 1.03-1.18) per SD increase in daily gluten amount at age 18 months. Children in the upper quartile of gluten intake compared with the lower quartile had an increased risk of CD (adjusted relative risk 1.29, 95% confidence interval 1.06-1.58). The association with gluten amount was independent of the age at introduction of gluten. Gluten introduction ≥6 months was also an independent risk factor for CD. DISCUSSION: In this nationwide study, increased gluten intake at 18 months was associated with a modestly increased risk of CD later in childhood.
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