ArticleJournal of athletic training2019
Precooling, Hyperthermia, and Postexercise Cooling Rates in Humans Wearing American Football Uniforms.
Article in Journal of athletic training, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Heatstroke Over the Past Decade: Risk Factors, Long-Term Health Consequences, and Preventive Measures.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Excellent Rectal Temperature Cooling Rates in the Polar Life Pod Consistent With Stationary Tubs.Journal of athletic training · 2023Article
- Exertional Heat-Stroke Management Practices and Intentions Among Secondary School Football Athletic Trainers.Journal of athletic training · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextExertional heatstroke is one of the leading causes of death in American football players. Precooling (PC) with whole-body cold-water immersion (CWI) may prevent severe hyperthermia and, possibly, exertional heatstroke. However, it is unknown how much PC delays severe hyperthermia when participants wear American football uniforms during exercise in the heat. Does PC alter the effectiveness of CWI once participants become hyperthermic or affect perceptual variables during exercise?
objectivesWe asked 3 questions: (1) Does PC affect how quickly participants become hyperthermic during exercise in the heat? (2) Does PC before exercise affect rectal temperature (T
designCrossover study.
settingLaboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER
participantsTwelve physically active males (age = 24 ± 4 years, height = 181.8 ± 8.4 cm, mass = 79.9 ± 10.3 kg). INTERVENTION(S): On PC days, participants completed 15 minutes of CWI (9.98°C ± 0.04°C). They donned American football uniforms and exercised in the heat (temperature = 39.1°C ± 0.3°C, relative humidity = 36% ± 2%) until T MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Rectal temperature, heart rate, thermal sensation, RPE, and ESQ responses were measured throughout testing. The duration of cold-water immersion was used in conjunction with T
resultsPrecooling allowed participants to exercise 17.6 ± 3.6 minutes longer before reaching 39.5°C (
conclusionsBecause PC delayed hyperthermia without negatively affecting perceptual variables or CWI effectiveness, clinicians may consider implementing PC along with other proven strategies for preventing heat illness (eg, acclimatization).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.