ArticleJournal of autism and developmental disorders2019
Disparities in Diagnosis and Service Access for Minority Children with ASD in the United States.
Article in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A Systematic Review of Help-Seeking Barriers for Racial-Ethnic Minority Caregivers Accessing Autism Diagnostic and Intervention Services.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Pooled it
- Bridging diagnostic safety and mental health: a systematic review highlighting inequities in autism spectrum disorder diagnosis.BMJ quality & safety · 2026Pooled it
- A Review of the Literature on the Multiple Forms of Stigmatization of Caregivers of Children with Autism Among Ethnic Minority Groups.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Pooled it
- Family navigation to increase evaluation for autism spectrum disorder in toddlers: Screening and Linkage to Services for Autism pragmatic randomized trial.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2021Trial
- Personalized Lifespan Approach to Autism Assessment: A Clinical and System Framework for Developmentally Informed Assessment Across the Life-Course.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026Article
- Accuracy of the Screening Tool for Autism in Toddlers and Young Children in the primary care setting.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2025Article
- Resilience and strengths in the Black autism community in the United States: A scoping review.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2024Article
- Eye-Tracking Biomarkers and Autism Diagnosis in Primary Care.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Prevalence and trends of autism spectrum disorder and other developmental disabilities among children and adolescents in the United States from 2019 to 2021.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Exploring the varied manifestations of structural violence in the lives of children on the autism spectrum and their families: a qualitative longitudinal study in Kurdistan, Iran.International journal for equity in health · 2023Article
- Toward Equity in Research on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.American journal on intellectual and developmental disabilities · 2023Article
- Diagnostic Accuracy of Primary Care Clinicians Across a Statewide System of Autism Evaluation.Pediatrics · 2023Article
- Conducting caregiver focus groups on autism in the context of an international research collaboration: Logistical and methodological lessons learned in South Africa.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2023Article
- The Scholarly Neglect of Black Autistic Adults in Autism Research.Autism in adulthood · 2022Article
- Still Left Behind: Fewer Black School-Aged Youth Receive ASD Diagnoses Compared to White Youth.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2022Article
- Analysis of Race and Sex Bias in the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2).JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Service Use Among Transition-Age Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2022Article
- Disparities in the quality of and access to services in children with autism spectrum disorders: a structural equation modeling.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2021Article
- Validation of Rapid Interactive Screening Test for Autism in Toddlers Using Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule™ Second Edition in Children at High-Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder-Issues of Misdiagnosis and Missed Diagnosis in Black Youth: A Case Report.Innovations in clinical neuroscienceArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study examined children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using data from the 2011 Survey of Pathway to Diagnosis and Services national data set (n = 1715). When comparing white and minority families, results indicate there were no differences between the child's treatment needs based on the number and type of ASD symptoms or insurance coverage. However, minority parents were less likely to contact a doctor or health care professionals about their concerns, waiting years, rather than months as described by white families, to have the child evaluated. Although both white and minority families received similar types of care (e.g., conducting developmental tests, making a referral to a specialist, suggesting that the parent discuss the concern with the school), white families reported they were more formally engaged in the diagnostic process and subsequently visited a larger variety of service providers. White parents were more satisfied with the services that their child received from doctors and other health care providers whereas minority families indicated school services were more responsiveness to their needs. Recommended outreach efforts are suggested and described.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.