ArticleMedical mycology2020
Cryptococcus neoformans infection in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-uninfected patients at an inner-city tertiary care hospital in the Bronx.
Article in Medical mycology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cryptococcosis-a systematic review to inform the World Health Organization Fungal Priority Pathogens List.Medical mycology · 2024Pooled it
- Cryptococcal Meningitis: Comparison of Short- (≤ 1 Week) Versus Longer-duration (> 1 Week) Liposomal Amphotericin B Induction Therapy and Factors Associated With Clinical Outcomes in HIV and Non-HIV Patients.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- Cryptococcal Meningitis Treatment Beyond HIV: Recognizing the Need for Individualized Immune-Based Strategies.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Target product profile and discovery and development path for novel cryptococcal disease treatments.The Journal of infection · 2025Review
- Clinical-imaging diversity of exudative pulmonary cryptococcosis with different immune states.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- An Optimized In-House Protocol forJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- High Mortality and Associated Risk Factors in Kidney Transplant Recipients With Cryptococcosis-A Nationwide Cohort Study Over a Decade Using USRDS Data.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Epidemiology of Cryptococcosis Among Patients With Commercial Health Insurance and Patients With Medicaid, United States, 2016-2022.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- The Pathological Activation of Microglia Is Modulated by Sexually Dimorphic Pathways.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Cryptococcal Meningitis in an Immunocompetent Man Exposed to a Pet Cockatoo: An Overlooked Zoonosis.Cureus · 2022Article
- Cerebral Cryptococcomas: A Systematic Scoping Review of Available Evidence to Facilitate Diagnosis and Treatment.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Cryptococcal infection in renal transplant: two case reports and a literature review.Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2021Review
- Pathogen-Host Interaction Repertoire at Proteome and Posttranslational Modification Levels During Fungal Infections.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Pathogen and host genetics underpinning cryptococcal disease.Advances in genetics · 2020Review
- Shift in Epidemiology of Cryptococcal Infections in Ottawa with High Mortality in Non-HIV Immunocompromised Patients.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Missed opportunities to identify cryptococcosis in COVID-19 patients: a case report and literature review.Therapeutic advances in infectious diseaseArticle
- Epidemiological trends and clinical outcomes of cryptococcosis in a medically insured population in the United States: a claims-based analysis from 2017 to 2019.Therapeutic advances in infectious diseaseArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans causes life-threatening meningoencephalitis. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is the most significant predisposing condition, but persons with other immunodeficiency states as well as phenotypically normal persons develop cryptococcosis. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of all patients with a diagnosis of cryptococcosis between 2005 and 2017 at our inner-city medical center in the Bronx, an epicenter of AIDS in New York City, and analyzed demographic data, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, treatment, and mortality for these patients. In sum, 63% of the cases over this 12-year period occurred in HIV-infected patients. And 61% of the HIV-infected patients were non-adherent with antiretroviral therapy, 10% were newly diagnosed with AIDS, and 4% had unmasking cryptococcus-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. The majority were Hispanic or black in ethnicity/race. HIV-uninfected patients (47/126) were older (P < .0001), and the majority had an immunocompromising condition. They were less likely to have a headache (P = .0004) or fever (P = .03), had prolonged time to diagnosis (P = .04), higher cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glucose levels (P = .001), less CSF culture positivity (P = .03), and a higher 30-day mortality (P = .03). Cases in HIV-uninfected patients were often unsuspected during their initial evaluation, leading to a delay in infectious diseases consultation, which was associated with mortality (P = .03). Our study indicates that HIV infection remains the most important predisposing factor for cryptococcosis despite availability of antiretroviral therapy and highlights potential missed opportunities for earlier diagnosis and differences in clinical and prognostic factors between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.