ArticleIranian journal of public health2019
Out of Pocket Payment and Affordability of Medication for Geriatric Patients in Tehran, Iran.
Article in Iranian journal of public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Drivers of vulnerability to medicine smuggling and combat strategies: a qualitative study based on online news media analysis in Iran.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Out-of-pocket pharmaceutical expenditure and its determinants among Iranian households with elderly members: a double-hurdle model.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2024Article
- Access to essential medicines used in the management of noncommunicable diseases in Southern Ethiopia: Analysis using WHO/HAI methodology.SAGE open medicine · 2024Article
- Evaluating the affordability of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis medicines in a middle-income country.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2023Article
- Prevalence of leftover medicines, disposal practices, and associated factors in Arba Minch Town, Southern Ethiopia.SAGE open medicine · 2023Article
- Affordability of Medication Therapy in Diabetic Patients: A Scenario-Based Assessment in Iran's Health System Context.International journal of health policy and management · 2022Article
- Determinants of Out-of-Network Utilization of Care Among Insured Clients Under the National Health Insurance Fund of Sudan.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2022Article
- Availability, pricing and affordability of essential medicines in Eastern Ethiopia: a comprehensive analysis using WHO/HAI methodology.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2021Article
- Affordability Assessment from a Static to Dynamic Concept: A Scenario-Based Assessment of Cardiovascular Medicines.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Prescribing for geriatrics in Tehran; is it appropriate and rational?Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2019Article
- Affordability Analysis of Selected Medicines in Iran: A National Cross-sectional Survey Using World Health Organization Out-of-Pocket Methodology.Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research : IJPRArticle
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundConsidering the importance of high out-of-pocket (OOP) payment (OOPP), as a marker of health system performance, and affordability of medications in the elderly, this study was conducted to determine these issues.
methodsIn this cross-sectional study, prescriptions of patients aged 65 yr or older from 5 university-affiliated pharmacies in Tehran, Iran were evaluated from Jan to Mar 2014. Prescriptions were selected from four insurance organizations. We used the prescriptions data regarding patients' demographics and the prescribers as well as the sales data for OOP. Affordability was calculated by considering the daily salary of an unskilled worker.
resultsTotally, 1467 prescriptions were analyzed. Mean age of patients was 73.89(6.66) yr. Mean (SE) of reimbursable and OOPP of the prescriptions were 203820 (10831) and 230252 (10634) IRR (Iranian Rials) respectively (equivalent to 81.6 (4.33) and 92.17 (4.33) US$ respectively). Subspecialists imposed higher expenditures for patients and insurance organizations. Patients referred to the ophthalmologists paid less OOP. Nearly 50% of the total prescription costs was paid as OOP. The mean OOPP was averagely equal to 1.41(0.065) daily salary. These prescriptions were unaffordable for 36.2% of patients.
conclusionThe OOPP was higher than the insurance goal of 30% for outpatients in Iran. More than one-third of elderly patients could not afford their single prescription. Due to the health consequences of the unaffordability of medications, corrective actions are needed by the insurance organizations and the health system.
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