Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31341166›Full record

ArticleNature communications2019

Mendelian randomization integrating GWAS and eQTL data reveals genetic determinants of complex and clinical traits.

Eleonora Porcu, Sina Rüeger, Kaido Lepik, eQTLGen Consortium, BIOS Consortium, Federico A Santoni, Alexandre Reymond, Zoltán Kutalik

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 214 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
214citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

214 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  5. Pooled it
  6. GLG1 in cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes bladder cancer growth while limiting tumor apoptosis.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026
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  20. snRNA-seq identifies Fmo2npj metabolic health and disease · 2026
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154 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Eleonora PorcuCenter for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. eleonora.porcu@unil.ch.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2878-7485
Sina RüegerSwiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2848-9242
Kaido LepikUniversity Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9884-3265
eQTLGen Consortium
BIOS Consortium
Federico A SantoniEndocrine, Diabetes, and Metabolism Service, CHUV and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Alexandre ReymondCenter for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Zoltán KutalikSwiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland. zoltan.kutalik@unil.ch.

Funding

Wellcome Trust 208806/Z/17/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified thousands of variants associated with complex traits, but their biological interpretation often remains unclear. Most of these variants overlap with expression QTLs, indicating their potential involvement in regulation of gene expression. Here, we propose a transcriptome-wide summary statistics-based Mendelian Randomization approach (TWMR) that uses multiple SNPs as instruments and multiple gene expression traits as exposures, simultaneously. Applied to 43 human phenotypes, it uncovers 3,913 putatively causal gene-trait associations, 36% of which have no genome-wide significant SNP nearby in previous GWAS. Using independent association summary statistics, we find that the majority of these loci were missed by GWAS due to power issues. Noteworthy among these links is educational attainment-associated BSCL2, known to carry mutations leading to a Mendelian form of encephalopathy. We also find pleiotropic causal effects suggestive of mechanistic connections. TWMR better accounts for pleiotropy and has the potential to identify biological mechanisms underlying complex traits.

Indexed as

Genome-Wide Association StudyQuantitative Trait LociBrain DiseasesGene Expression ProfilingGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenetic VariationGTP-Binding Protein gamma SubunitsHumansMendelian Randomization AnalysisPhenotypePolymorphism, Single NucleotideTranscriptomeBSCL2 protein, humanGTP-Binding Protein gamma Subunits

Identifiers

PMID31341166
PMCPMC6656778

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.