ArticleJournal of neural engineering2019
Characteristics of prosthetic vision in rats with subretinal flat and pillar electrode arrays.
Article in Journal of neural engineering, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Simultaneous perception of prosthetic and natural vision in AMD patients.Nature communications · 2022Trial
- Photovoltaic Restoration of Central Vision in Atrophic Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Ophthalmology · 2020Trial
- Maximizing the fidelity of a photovoltaic subretinal prosthesis for human patients.Journal of neural engineering · 2026Article
- Advances in the treatment of blinding retinal diseases.International ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Advances in artificial vision systems: a comprehensive review of technologies, applications, and future directions.Biomedical engineering letters · 2025Review
- Restoration of Sight with Electronic Retinal Prostheses.Annual review of vision science · 2025Review
- Accelerated Simulation of Multi-Electrode Arrays Using Sparse and Low-Rank Matrix Techniques.IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering · 2025Article
- Development and Evaluation of Multi-Module Retinal Devices for Artificial Vision Applications.Micromachines · 2025Article
- Enhancing prosthetic vision by upgrade of a subretinal photovoltaic implant in situ.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Electrical stimulation of neuroretinas with 3D pyrolytic carbon electrodes.Biomedical microdevices · 2025Article
- Accelerated Simulation of Multi-Electrode Arrays Using Sparse and Low-Rank Matrix Techniques.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- 3D electronic implants in subretinal space: Long-term follow-up in rodents.Biomaterials · 2024Article
- Assessment of visual function in blind mice and monkeys with subretinally implanted nanowire arrays as artificial photoreceptors.Nature biomedical engineering · 2024Article
- Liquid-metal-based three-dimensional microelectrode arrays integrated with implantable ultrathin retinal prosthesis for vision restoration.Nature nanotechnology · 2024Article
- Enhancing Prosthetic Vision by Upgrade of a Subretinal Photovoltaic Implant in situ.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Focal stimulation of retinal ganglion cells using subretinal 3D microelectrodes with peripheral electrodes of opposite current.Biomedical engineering letters · 2024Article
- Three-dimensional electro-neural interfaces electroplated on subretinal prostheses.Journal of neural engineering · 2024Article
- Nanoparticle-based optical interfaces for retinal neuromodulation: a review.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Fabrication and Validation of Sub-Cellular Carbon Fiber Electrodes.IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society · 2024Article
- Prosthetic Visual Acuity with the PRIMA System in Patients with Atrophic Age-related Macular Degeneration at 4 years follow-up.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveRetinal prostheses aim to restore sight by electrically stimulating the surviving retinal neurons. In clinical trials of the current retinal implants, prosthetic visual acuity does not exceed 20/550. However, to provide meaningful restoration of central vision in patients blinded by age-related macular degeneration (AMD), prosthetic acuity should be at least 20/200, necessitating a pixel pitch of about 50 µm or lower. With such small pixels, stimulation thresholds are high due to limited penetration of electric field into tissue. Here, we address this challenge with our latest photovoltaic arrays and evaluate their performance in vivo. APPROACH: We fabricated photovoltaic arrays with 55 and 40 µm pixels (a) in flat geometry, and (b) with active electrodes on 10 µm tall pillars. The arrays were implanted subretinally into rats with degenerate retina. Stimulation thresholds and grating acuity were evaluated using measurements of the visually evoked potentials (VEP). MAIN
resultsWith 55 µm pixels, we measured grating acuity of 48 ± 11 µm, which matches the linear pixel pitch of the hexagonal array. This geometrically corresponds to a visual acuity of 20/192 in a human eye, matching the threshold of legal blindness in the US (20/200). With pillar electrodes, the irradiance threshold was nearly halved, and duration threshold reduced by more than three-fold, compared to flat pixels. With 40 µm pixels, VEP was too low for reliable measurements of the grating acuity, even with pillar electrodes. SIGNIFICANCE: While being helpful for treating a complete loss of sight, current prosthetic technologies are insufficient for addressing the leading cause of untreatable visual impairment-AMD. Subretinal photovoltaic arrays may provide sufficient visual acuity for restoration of central vision in patients blinded by AMD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.