Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31340960›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2019

Glycaemic, blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol control among patients with diabetes mellitus in a specialised clinic in Botswana: a cross-sectional study.

Julius Chacha Mwita, Joel M Francis, Bernard Omech, Elizabeth Botsile, Aderonke Oyewo, Matshidiso Mokgwathi, Onkabetse Julia Molefe-Baikai, Brian Godman, Jose-Gaby Tshikuka

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
4.5field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Article
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  8. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 5 countries.

Julius Chacha MwitaInternal Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana mwitajc@ub.ac.bw.ORCID 0000-0002-5947-3684
Joel M FrancisWits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Wits Health Consortium Pty Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Bernard OmechInternal Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
Elizabeth BotsileInternal Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
Aderonke OyewoInternal Medicine, Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana.
Matshidiso MokgwathiInternal Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
Onkabetse Julia Molefe-BaikaiInternal Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
Brian GodmanHealth Economics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Jose-Gaby TshikukaFamily Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
University of Botswana · BWHarvard University · USKarolinska University Hospital · SE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveControl of glycaemic, hypertension and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is vital for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The current study was an audit of glycaemic, hypertension and LDL-C control among ambulant patients with T2DM in Botswana. Also, the study aimed at assessing factors associated with attaining optimal glycaemic, hypertension and LDL-C therapeutic goals.

designA cross-sectional study.

settingA specialised public diabetes clinic in Gaborone, Botswana.

participantsPatients with T2DM who had attended the clinic for ≥3 months between August 2017 and February 2018. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE: The proportion of patients with optimal glycaemic (HbA1c<7%), hypertension (blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg) and LDL-C (<1.8 mmol/L) control.

resultsThe proportions of patients meeting optimal targets were 32.3% for glycaemic, 54.2% for hypertension and 20.4% for LDL-C. Age≥ 50 years was positively associated with optimal glycaemic control (adjusted OR [AOR] 5.79; 95% CI 1.08 to 31.14). On the other hand, an increase in diabetes duration was inversely associated with optimal glycemic control (AOR 0.91; 95% CI 0.85 to 0.98). Being on an ACE inhibitor was inversely associated with optimal hypertension control (AOR 0.35; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.85). Being female was inversely associated with optimal LDL-C control (AOR 0.24; 95% CI (0.09 - 0.59).

conclusionPatients with T2DM in Gaborone, Botswana, presented with suboptimal control of recommended glycaemic, hypertension and LDL-C targets. These findings call for urgent individual and health systems interventions to address key determinants of the recommended therapeutic targets among patients with diabetes in this setting.

Indexed as

BiomarkersBlood PressureBlood Pressure DeterminationBotswanaCholesterol, LDLCross-Sectional StudiesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansHypertensionIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisRetrospective StudiesBiomarkersCholesterol, LDLGlycated Hemoglobinbotswanacholesterolcontrol diabetes mellitusglycaemichypertensionLDL-C

Identifiers

PMID31340960
PMCPMC6661581
OpenAlexW2959294413

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.