SynthesisBMJ open2019
Prison cell spatial density and infectious and communicable diseases: a systematic review.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on people experiencing incarceration: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2024Pooled it
- Reconstructing infectious disease prevention mechanisms in carceral settings in transitional states: lessons from the Chinese experience.International journal for equity in health · 2026Article
- Accelerating tuberculosis diagnosis in Mozambican prisons using digital chest X-rays with computer-aided detection: a longitudinal, comprehensive health intervention.BMC global and public health · 2026Article
- Exploring medication safety in prisons: a scoping review.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Signatures of the maternal-infant oral microbiome in contexts of imprisonment and social vulnerability.Frontiers in dental medicine · 2026Article
- The association between health and prison overcrowding, a scoping review.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Seroprevalence against SARS-CoV-2 after booster vaccination in a prison in Alicante (Spain).Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- A Qualitative Review of Organizational COVID-19 Communications and Guidance for Pregnant and Postpartum People Who Are Incarcerated.Health equity · 2025Article
- Disparities in the Prevalence of Urinary Diseases Among Prisoners in Taiwan: Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- An epidemiological investigation of the prevalence of digestive diseases in the older prisoner population in Taiwan.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2024Article
- Antimicrobial resistance in carceral settings.Lancet (London, England) · 2024Article
- An analysis of published study designs in PubMed prisoner health abstracts from 1963 to 2023: a text mining study.BMC medical research methodology · 2024Review
- Automatic Extraction of Research Themes in Epidemiological Criminology From PubMed Abstracts From 1946 to 2020: Text Mining Study.JMIR formative research · 2023Article
- Self-Reported Personal Hygiene Practice and Associated Factors among Prison Inmates in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia: An Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
- Rethinking standards on prison cell size in a (post)pandemic world: a scoping review.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Prevalence of skin diseases in Taiwan prisons: a population-based study.BMC public health · 2023Article
- A scoping review of the impacts of COVID-19 physical distancing measures on vulnerable population groups.Nature communications · 2023Article
- "It was there when I came home": young adults and jail reentry in the context of COVID-19.American journal of criminal justice : AJCJ · 2023Article
- An Analysis of PubMed Abstracts From 1946 to 2021 to Identify Organizational Affiliations in Epidemiological Criminology: Descriptive Study.Interactive journal of medical research · 2022Article
- COVID-19 and European carcerality: Do national prison policies converge when faced with a pandemic?Punishment & society · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo summarise the extent and quality of evidence on the association between prison cell spatial density (a measure of crowding) and infectious and communicable diseases transmission among prisoners.
designSystematic review. DATA SOURCES: Embase, PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, PsycExtra, ProQuest Databases, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, Index to Legal Periodicals, InformitOnline, Cochrane Library, Criminal Justice Abstracts and ICONDA were searched to 31 December 2018. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Studies that reported on the association between prison cell spatial density (measured in square feet or square metres of cell floor area per person) and infectious and communicable diseases in juvenile and adult populations incarcerated in a correctional facility. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: A review protocol was developed in consultation with an advisory panel. Two reviewers independently extracted data and used the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council's (NHMRC) checklist to critically appraise individual studies. An assessment of the overall body of the evidence was conducted using the NHMRC's Evidence Scale and Statement Form.
resultsA total of 5126 articles were initially identified with seven included in the review from Pakistan (2003), Chile (2016), Nigeria (2012, 2013) and the USA (1980s). Infectious and communicable disease outcomes included pneumococcal disease/acute pneumonia,
conclusionOverall, the body of evidence provides some support for an association between prison cell special density and infectious and communicable diseases, but care should be taken in the interpretation and transferability of the findings. Future research and policy responses should adequately consider prospective mediating factors implicated in associations between cell spatial density and health effects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.